Neural and hormonal mechanisms of appetite regulation during eating

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 24, 2025

Numerous animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, a central regulator appetite, plays significant role in modulating feeding behavior. However, current research primarily focuses on long-term dietary changes their effects body, with limited investigation into neuroendocrine dynamics during individual meals across diverse populations. In contrast to adjustments, directives for behavior specific meal are more actionable, potentially enhancing patient adherence achieving better outcomes interventions. This review aimed explore neural pathways endocrine activated by gastrointestinal expansion variations blood nutrient levels single meal, goal informing guidance.

Language: Английский

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KaiXinSan-JiaWei ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice by intervening in gut microbiota and its metabolites

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 25, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative of the central nervous system characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Chinese medicine's therapeutic effect on AD has become promising treatment option in recent years, herbal compound Kai Xin San-Jia Wei (KXSJW) one its representatives. This study employed comprehensive approach, including 16S rRNA Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, to investigate efficacy intrinsic mechanism KXSJW AD. 50 3-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): model group (M), donepezil (Don), KXSJW-low dose (KJW-L), KXSJW- medium (KJW-M), KXSJW-high (KJW-H), Ten C57BL/6 J wild-type selected as control (C). The administered saline gavage, was (0.92 mg/kg/d), KXSJW-low/medium/high extract (0.9/1.8/3.6 mL/kg/d); each treated once daily for 2 months. Morris Water Maze (MWM) evaluate learning abilities. Pathological changes colon tissue assessed through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. Analysis gut microbiota conducted using sequencing, microbial metabolite (short chain fatty acids, SCFAs) content detected GC-MS. Colonic barrier integrity examined immunohistochemistry western blot, while β-amyloid deposition brain assessed. ELISA used measure serum intestinal peptide hormones (Glucagon, GHRP-Ghrelin). enhanced ability memory, reduced amyloid mice. able restore balance flora regulate concentration metabolites, especially represented Firmicutes major butyric acid. Meanwhile, restored function improved release level GHRP-Ghrelin) indicates that can improve internal environment may homeostasis AD, with focus regulation microorganisms their subsequently Traditional Medicine (TCM) potential intervene multilevel interaction brain-gut-axis.

Language: Английский

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Prophylactic administration of overproducing-abscisic acid Bacillus licheniformis attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and immune activity

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: May 19, 2025

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves the complex interplay among mucosal barrier, microbiota, immunity and genetic factors. There are currently no satisfactory treatments for IBD. Administration of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) can improves colitis by regulating gut microbiota. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) treatment has favorable effects on immunity, as well inflammatory diseases like colitis. We hypothesized that expression an additional cyp gene Bl to increase its ABA production would enhance effects. In this study, we found a Bl-cyp strain overexpressing secreted more into supernatant than either parental stain or Bl-pET82a expressing only vector pET82a when these bacteria were grown in Nfb medium 48 h. prophylactic administration culture effectively attenuated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice compared Bl-pET28a strains. These findings associated with significantly reduced epithelial barrier damage, increased number goblet cells levels occludin colonic layer, decreased serum LPS group. addition, regulated disordered microbiota improving their diversity, richness compositions strain, including ratio Bacteroidota: Bacillota. It also inhibited excessive growth opportunistic pathogen Escherichia just strain. Moreover, preventive following DSS-induced enhanced proportion Treg suppressed Th17 mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-22, level anti-inflammatory IL-10 colon tissues, similar high concentration standard (ABA-H). Notably, ABA-H. may provide novel approach IBD, exert modulating host's immune status.

Language: Английский

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Microbe-dependent and independent effects of diet on metabolic inflammation in glucose metabolism regulation

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 144852 - 144852

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Modulation of miR-29a and miR-29b Expression and Their Target Genes Related to Inflammation and Renal Fibrosis by an Oral Nutritional Supplement with Probiotics in Malnourished Hemodialysis Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1132 - 1132

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on hemodialysis. Recently, our group described that a new oral nutritional supplement (ONS), specifically designed for malnourished (or at risk) hemodialysis “similar to the Mediterranean diet” pattern, improved caloric-protein intake, status and biomarkers of inflammation oxidation. Our aim this study was evaluate whether ONS, associated probiotics or not, may produce changes miRNA’s expression its target genes patients, compared individualized diet recommendations. We performed randomized, multicenter, parallel-group trial three groups (1: control (C) (n = 11); 2: (ONS) + placebo (ONS-PL) 10); 3: ONS (ONS-PR) 10)); open regarding intake recommendations but double-blinded probiotics. MiRNAs gene levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR baseline after 3 6 months. observed miR-29a miR-29b increased significantly ONS-PR months comparison baseline, stabilizing sixth month. Moreover, we differences between studied groups, where elevated receiving third Regarding levels, decrease month RUNX2 TNFα. TGFB1 decreased PTEN baseline. LEPTIN ONS-PL 3-month intervention The increases intervention, modifying anti-inflammatory anti-fibrotic actions. This highlights potential benefit supplement, probiotics, renal

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Role of Probiotics in Inflammation-Induced Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 9026 - 9026

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant contributor global morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that disturbances in gut microbial composition, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting inflammation can lead DNA damage, driving pathogenesis progression CRC. Notably, bacterial metabolites either protect against or contribute oxidative stress by modulating activity antioxidant enzymes influencing signaling pathways govern ROS-induced inflammation. Additionally, microbiota byproducts, when supplemented through probiotics, affect tumor microenvironments enhance treatment efficacy selectively mediate destruction CRC cells. This review aims discuss mechanisms which taxonomical shifts related such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile trimethylamine-N-oxide influence ROS concentrations safeguard promote onset inflammation-mediated we focus on role probiotic ROS-mediated both status inflammation, Nrf2-Keap1, NF-κB, NLRP3 mitigate carcinogenesis. Overall, deeper understanding may aid delaying preventing offer new avenues for adjunct, CRC-specific therapeutic interventions immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of a Polyphenolic-Enriched Blend on Weight Management and Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters in Healthy, Overweight Adults

Published: April 8, 2024

Weight loss solutions are on the rise, and there is growing interest in natural alternatives to pharmaceuticals market, which not devoid of relevant side effects. To this end, objective current study assess effects a botanical-based blend comprised lemon verbena hibiscus extracts weight management, body fat, appetite, lipid, glucose profiles, an overweight population, for 90 days. As result, volunteers presented significant absence diet, coincided with decreased fat. Body fat was assessed by anthropometry, electrical bioimpedance DEXA scan. Cholesterol levels were also significantly decreased. Satiety assessment revealed that product contributed increased feeling fullness satisfaction after meal, compared placebo group, could contribute observed. Blood blood pressure remained unchanged, expected as normoglycemic their healthy range. In conclusion, daily supplementation contributes individuals, while affecting other parameters This be candidate alternative or add-on products, part lifestyle.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Dietary Phospholipid on the Behavior in C57BL/6J Mice

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 409 - 419

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(12), P. 14514 - 14541

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Initially intended to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide, a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, has been established as an effective weight loss treatment by controlling appetite. Integrating the latest clinical trials, semaglutide or without diabetes presents significant therapeutic efficacy ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors and physical functioning, independent of body reduction. Semaglutide may modulate adipose tissue browning, which enhances human metabolism exhibits possible benefits skeletal muscle degeneration, accelerated obesity ageing. This be attributed anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant autophagy-regulating effects. However, most supporting evidence on mechanistic actions is preclinical, demonstrated rodents not actually confirmed humans, therefore warranting caution interpretation. article aims explore potential innovative molecular mechanisms action restoring balance several interlinking aspects metabolism, pointing distinct functions inflammation oxidative stress insulin-sensitive musculoskeletal tissues. Moreover, applications protection from infections anti-aging properties are discussed. enhancement core involved progress although mostly provide framework for future research diseases overall.

Language: Английский

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Diffusion Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), a Link between Gut Microbiota and Spinal Degenerative Diseases<strong> </strong>

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

The interplay between Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) and the gut microbiota represents a compelling area of research, offering insights into relationship spinal degenerative diseases gut's microbial inhabitants. This comprehensive review seeks to unravel complex connection, shedding light on its implications for human health potential therapeutic avenues. A crucial section dives world (GM), exploring impact health, featuring defining characteristics, highlighting role in metabolism, immunomodulation, host interaction, how composition changes over time. subsequent portion delves microbiome pathological bone development, including link Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) inflammation, emphasizing inflammation GM dysbiosis play pivotal roles. Further dissecting interconnections, various axes influence, gut-spine axis, gut-bone gut-joint gut-disc axis (specific DISH), gut-ligament gut-muscle are discussed. Of particular interest is DISH-derived pain, addressing critical aspect condition's manifestation. discusses modulation as treatment DISH, providing hope advancements. Additionally, it highlights positive lifestyle interventions, such dietary modifications, sleep optimization, exercise regimens, mitigating potentially improving DISH outcomes. Lastly, intriguing prospect fecal transplant management examined, opening new avenues research interventions. In conclusion, this underscores intricate microbiota, fresh perspective diseases. It emphasizes innovative treatments, presents an exciting future exploration.

Language: Английский

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