Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 74 - 74
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Ochratoxin
A
(OTA)
is
a
secondary
metabolite
produced
by
fungi
of
the
genera
Aspergillus
and
Penicillium,
known
to
contaminate
various
food
substrates.
Its
toxic
effects
include
direct
nephrotoxicity,
as
well
observed
teratogenic,
immunogenic,
carcinogenic
effects.
Climate
change
may
contribute
increased
humidity
temperature,
favouring
fungal
growth
and,
consequently,
OTA
spreading.
Recent
increases
in
wild
boar
populations,
along
with
their
omnivorous
nature
varied
diet,
define
them
environmental
bioindicators
for
contaminants
like
mycotoxins.
This
study
aimed
assess
concentrations
kidney,
liver,
muscle
tissue
samples
from
74
boars
that
were
hunted
different
areas
Avellino,
Campania
region,
between
2021
2022.
Tissue
underwent
extraction,
purification,
analysis
using
high-performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
coupled
fluorescence
detector.
Results
revealed
presence
35.1%
tested
boars.
The
highest
concentration
was
kidney
less
muscle,
indicating
this
mycotoxin
surrounding
environment.
Consequently,
there
need
formulate
rules
edible
wildlife
products.
These
findings
emphasize
significant
risk
contamination
tissues,
suggesting
potential
reliable
markers
prevalence
toxicological
concern
human
health.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(8), P. 363 - 363
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
Aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
and
ochratoxin
A
(OTA)
are
highly
toxic
mycotoxins
present
in
food
feed,
posing
serious
health
risks
to
humans
animals.
This
study
aimed
validate
an
efficient
cost-effective
analytical
method
for
quantifying
AFB1
OTA
rat
urine
using
immunoaffinity
column
extraction
liquid
chromatography
with
fluorescence
detection
(IAC-LC-FD).
Additionally,
the
evaluated
effect
of
incorporating
fermented
whey
pumpkin
into
feed
on
urinary
excretion
these
mycotoxins.
The
limits
quantification
were
determined
be
0.1
µg/kg
0.3
µg/kg,
respectively,
both
0.2
ng/mL
0.6
ng/mL,
urine.
demonstrated
robust
recovery
rates
ranging
from
74%
119%
matrices.
In
samples,
levels
ranged
4.3
5.2
µg/g
5.4
8.8
µg/g,
respectively.
validated
was
successfully
applied
analyze
116
samples
rats
collected
during
fourth
week
vivo
trial.
results
indicated
that
addition
influenced
mycotoxin
urine,
variations
observed
based
sex
rats,
type
mycotoxin,
exposure
dosage.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(11), P. 478 - 478
Published: Nov. 4, 2024
Mycotoxins
are
toxic
secondary
metabolites
produced
by
various
types
of
fungi
that
known
to
contaminate
food
products;
their
presence
in
the
chain
poses
significant
risks
human
and
animal
health
leads
enormous
economic
losses
feed
industry
worldwide.
Ensuring
safety
quality
detoxifying
mycotoxin
is
therefore
paramount
importance.
Several
procedures
control
fungal
toxins
have
been
extensively
investigated,
such
as
preventive
measures,
physical
chemical
methods,
biological
strategies.
In
recent
years,
microbial
degradation
mycotoxins
has
attracted
much
attention
due
its
reliability,
efficiency,
cost-effectiveness.
Notably,
bacterial
species
from
Bacillus
genus
emerged
promising
candidates
for
decontamination
owing
diverse
metabolic
capabilities
resilience
harsh
environmental
conditions.
This
review
manuscript
aims
provide
a
summary
studies
on
biodegradation
bacteria,
thereby
illustrating
potential
applications
development
mycotoxin-degrading
products.
Animals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 1317 - 1317
Published: May 1, 2025
The
liver
of
hens
bears
a
very
heavy
workload
in
handling
lipogenesis
as
well
carbohydrate,
protein,
and
other
nutrient
metabolism
to
maintain
high
laying
rate.
D-glucuronolactone
(DGL)
is
naturally
occurring
chemical
metabolite
produced
from
glucose
exhibits
hepatoprotective
effect
food
ingredient.
This
study
aimed
evaluate
the
DGL
on
production
performance,
egg
quality,
health
during
their
peak
period.
Four
hundred
eighty
Hy-Line
brown
(aged
42
weeks),
with
comparable
high-laying
were
randomly
assigned
four
groups,
each
group
consisting
eight
replicates.
control
was
fed
basal
diet,
while
treatment
groups
supplemented
at
70,
140,
280
mg/kg
respectively.
results
indicated
that
supplementation
significantly
increases
rate
mass
(p
<
0.05).
color
eggshell
deepened
by
administration
Additionally,
decreased
serum
levels
aspartate
aminotransferase
γ-glutamyl
transpeptidase
index,
fat,
triglyceride
had
also
Liver
histopathological
showed
exhibited
yellow
coloration
large
gaps
numerous
vacuolar
cells,
improved
compactness
parenchyma.
Antioxidant
activity
enhanced,
showing
significant
increase
total
antioxidant
capacity
catalase
inflammatory
response
alleviated,
decrease
expressions
interleukin-β,
tumor
necrosis
factor-α,
interferon-α,
interleukin-6,
interleukin-8
genes
Moreover,
reduced
cell
apoptosis-related
genes,
including
factor-related
apoptosis,
Caspase
7,
BCL2
associated
X
protein
Overall,
these
findings
indicate
dietary
enhanced
performance
maintaining
health,
best
achieved
dose
this
trial.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 112 - 112
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Aflatoxin
B1
(AFB1)
and
sterigmatocystin
(ST)
are
mycotoxins
that
pose
significant
threats
to
human
animal
health
owing
their
mutagenic,
carcinogenic,
toxic
properties.
They
structurally
similar
widely
believed
exert
biological
effects
via
the
generation
of
DNA-damaging
epoxides
at
respective
terminal
furan
rings.
Despite
structural
identity
in
warhead
portion
each
toxin,
this
work
shows
distal
parts
molecule
responsible
for
distinctive
mutational
fingerprints
seen
gptΔ
C57BL/6J
mouse
embryo
fibroblasts
(MEFs).
The
two
toxins
differ
puckered
cyclopentenone
ring
AFB1
planar
xanthone
functionality
ST.
While
both
mainly
induce
GC→TA
mutations,
aforementioned
differences
structure
apparently
trigger
unique
patterns
as
revealed
by
high-resolution
duplex
sequencing
MEF
genomes.
is
more
mutagenic
than
ST
displays
its
transversion
mutations
a
pattern
with
primary
secondary
hotspots
(underscored)
5′-CGC-3′
5′-CGG-3′
contexts,
respectively.
modest
hotspot
while
other
transversions
uniformly
distributed
resembling
established
oxidative
stress
spectra.
This
research
delineates
spectra
ST,
establishing
these
possible
early-onset
biomarkers
exposure.
Ruminants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(2), P. 12 - 12
Published: March 24, 2025
Contamination
by
multi-mycotoxins
in
cattle
feed
can
lead
to
increased
susceptibility
diseases
and
loss
of
performance.
The
present
study
aimed
investigate
the
occurrence
multiple
mycotoxins
diet
beef
feedlots
Brazil.
Chromatographic
analyses
were
performed
on
152
TMR
samples
from
seven
states,
representing
provided
1,246,522
animals.
was
found
100%
analyzed,
with
most
frequent
being
fumonisins,
samples,
followed
zearalenone,
which
contaminated
79.6%
subsequently
aflatoxins,
deoxynivalenol,
T-2,
while
HT-2
not
detected
any
samples.
Furthermore,
2.6%
showed
co-occurrence
five
different
types
mycotoxins,
23.7%
presented
four
41.4%
three
22.4%
two
9.9%
contamination
only
one
mycotoxin.
significant
prevalence
Fusarium
Aspergillus
genera
indicates
a
notable
degree
pre-
post-harvest
these
diets.
Further
studies
are
needed
define
methods
for
monitoring
exposure
clarify
its
effects,
even
at
low
levels,
reduce
impacts
production
