Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(215)

Published: June 1, 2024

The inactivation of viruses in aerosol particles (aerosols) and droplets depends on many factors, but the precise mechanisms are not known. system involves complex physical biochemical interactions. We reviewed literature to establish current knowledge about these identify gaps. identified 168 relevant papers grouped results by following factors: virus type structure, or droplet size, temperature, relative humidity (RH) evaporation, chemical composition droplet, pH atmospheric composition. These factors influence dynamic microenvironment surrounding a virion thus may affect its inactivation. Results indicate that experience biphasic decay as carrier aerosols undergo evaporation equilibrate with air, their final state (liquid, semi-solid solid) RH. Virus stability, RH temperature interrelated, effects multifaceted still completely understood. Studies impact stability have raised new questions require further exploration. frequent practice studying large culture media limit our understanding for transmission, so we encourage use physiologically size future research.

Language: Английский

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Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 725 - 739

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Building parameters linked with indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 117156 - 117156

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanocarrier‐Mediated Inhalable Gene Transfection for Lung Cancer

ChemistrySelect, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Lung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, eclipsing all other forms, and lung malignancies, non‐small cell (NSCLC) makes up around 85%. Recently, use vectors in gene therapy besides chemotherapy to treat malignancies brought on by mutations has gained prominence. Therapeutic molecule inhalation a direct approach lung‐targeted medication delivery with low nonspecific toxicity limited drug exposure. Treatment for immunotherapy can be aided inhalable nanomedicine through advanced mechanisms. Viral nonviral vectors, such as lipid‐based nanoparticles, polymeric inorganic have drawn lot interest their ability increase effects decrease side effects. Nanocarriers significant impact targeted delivery, bioavailability, stability, residence target areas. The inhaled pulmonary approach, when combined nanomedicine, will offer noninvasive successful way taking physiological properties lung. authors majorly used data from PubMed Google Scholar obtain relevant information required article. In general, this review concentrates usage various nanocarriers, which might serve an inspiration creation deployment more potent genetic treatment cancer.

Language: Английский

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Salt Supersaturation as an Accelerator of Influenza A Virus Inactivation in 1 μL Droplets

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(42), P. 18856 - 18869

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) spreads through exhaled aerosol particles and larger droplets. Estimating the stability of IAV is challenging depends on factors such as respiratory matrix drying kinetics. Here, we combine kinetic experiments millimeter-sized saline droplets with a biophysical model to quantify impact NaCl stability. We show that inactivation determined by concentration, which increases during water evaporation then decreases again when efflorescence occurs. When in air relative humidity RH = 30%, follows an inverted sigmoidal curve, occurring most rapidly concentration exceeds 20 mol/(kg H2O) immediately prior efflorescence. Efflorescence reduces molality saturated conditions, resulting significantly reduced rate. demonstrate rate k exponentially molality, after solution reaches equilibrium, proceeds at first-order Introducing sucrose, organic cosolute, attenuates via two mechanisms: first decreasing phase second protective effect against NaCl-induced inactivation. For both pure sucrose-containing droplets, our ResAM accurately simulates used only inactivating factor. This study highlights role provides mechanistic basis for observed rates.

Language: Английский

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Salt supersaturation as accelerator of influenza A virus inactivation in 1-μl droplets

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) spreads through exhaled aerosol particles and larger droplets. Estimating the stability of IAV is challenging depends on factors such as respiratory matrix drying kinetics. Here, we combine kinetic experiments millimeter-sized saline droplets with a biophysical model to quantify impact NaCl stability. We show that inactivation determined by concentration, which increases during water evaporation then decreases again when efflorescence occurs. When in air relative humidity RH = 30%, follows an inverted sigmoidal curve, occurring most rapidly concentration exceeds 20 molal immediately prior efflorescence. Efflorescence reduces molality saturated conditions, resulting significantly reduced rate. demonstrate rate k exponentially molality, after solution reaches equilibrium, proceeds at first-order Introducing sucrose, organic co-solute, attenuates via two mechanisms, firstly decreasing phase, secondly protective effect against NaCl-induced inactivation. For both pure sucrose-containing droplets, our ResAM accurately simulates used only inactivating factor. This study highlights role provides mechanistic basis for observed rates.

Language: Английский

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A Pilot Study of Aerosolization of Infectious Murine Norovirus in an Experimental Setup

Food and Environmental Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 329 - 337

Published: May 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic platform for coupled studies of freezing behavior and final effloresced particle morphology in Snomax ^® containing aqueous droplets

Aerosol Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 58(4), P. 427 - 439

Published: July 12, 2023

Aerosol physicochemical mixing state, defined as the chemical, phase, and internal structure of a population aerosols, is complex under-characterized regarding its role in atmosphere. The compositional microphysical properties aerosol particle strongly impact atmospheric processes, including water uptake ice nucleation (IN) activities. However, relationship between IN activity microphysics remains underdeveloped, activity, composition, morphology size are highly intercorrelated. In this article, we demonstrate efficacy microfluidic static well trap device for testing both effloresced residual same droplet. We link cationic composition with droplets containing sodium chloride, calcium biological nucleating (INP) Snomax. Finally, show decoupling within droplet chemical systems studied here.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Effect of Climate on Viral Respiratory Diseases Among Children Using AI

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(23), P. 7474 - 7474

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

: Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) exhibit seasonal patterns influenced by biological, ecological, and climatic factors. Weather variables such as temperature, humidity, wind impact the transmission of droplet-borne viruses, potentially affecting disease severity. However, role climate in predicting complications pediatric RVIs remains unclear, particularly context climate-change-driven extreme weather events.

Language: Английский

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