COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1147 - 1147

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

In the beginning of COVID-19, proportion confirmed cases in pediatric population was relatively small and there an opinion that children often had a mild or asymptomatic course infection. Our understanding immune response, diagnosis treatment COVID-19 is highly oriented towards adult population. At same time, despite fact usually occurs form, incomplete as acute infection its subsequent manifestations such Long-COVID-19 Post-COVID-19, PASC population, correlations with comorbidities immunological changes. childhood, some authors explain absence decreasing T B lymphocytes. Regardless patient’s condition, they can have second phase, related to exacerbation inflammation heart tissue even if viral completely eliminated—post infectious myocarditis. Mechanism myocardial dysfunction development MIS-C are not fully understood. It known various immunocompetent cells, including both resident inflammatory cells peripheral tissues (for example macrophages, dendritic memory T-lymphocytes so on) also circulating blood play important role immunopathogenesis expected hyperproduction interferons enhanced cytokine response 1 2 types contribute myocardium. However, Th1 pathogenesis myocarditis remains controversial. clinical mechanisms damage, heart, against background after differ from adults. Further studies needed evaluate whether transient persistent cardiac complications associated long-term adverse events.

Language: Английский

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Cytokine Profiling in Different SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Variants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(22), P. 14146 - 14146

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

This study is a successor of our previous work concerning changes in the chemokine profile infection that are associated with different SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The goal was to take into account both virus and host immune system by assessing concentrations cytokines patients infected variants (ancestral Wuhan strain, Alpha, Delta Omicron). Our performed on 340 biological samples taken from COVID-19 healthy donors timespan between May 2020 April 2022. We genotyping nasopharyngeal swabs, which followed assessment cytokines' concentration blood plasma. noted out nearly 30 cytokines, only four showed stable elevation independently variant (IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 IL-27), we believe them be 'constant' markers for infection. Cytokines were studied as potential biomarkers lose their diagnostic value evolves, specter targets predictive models narrowing. So far, IL-18, IL-27) consistent rise virus. Although findings scientific interest, still consider inconclusive; further investigation comparison responses required.

Language: Английский

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Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis?

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 3525 - 3551

Published: April 18, 2023

More than a century has passed since arginine was discovered, but the metabolism of amino acid never ceases to amaze researchers. Being conditionally essential acid, performs many important homeostatic functions in body; it is involved regulation cardiovascular system and regeneration processes. In recent years, more facts have been accumulating that demonstrate close relationship between metabolic pathways immune responses. This opens new opportunities for development original ways treat diseases associated with suppressed or increased activity system. this review, we analyze literature describing role immunopathogenesis wide range diseases, discuss arginine-dependent processes as possible target therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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An angel or a devil? Current view on the role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) and the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) animal model are characterized by T-cell-induced B-cell-dominated diseases that affect neuromuscular junction. Several subtypes of CD4 + T cells, including helper (Th) 17 follicular Th regulatory cells (Tregs), contribute to pathogenesis MG. However, increasing evidence suggests CD8 also play a critical role in treatment Main body Herein, we review literature on MG, focusing their potential effector roles, as well relevant (peripheral, situ, cerebrospinal fluid, under different treatments), T-cell receptor usage, cytokine chemokine expression, cell marker Treg, Tc17, CD3 CD20 T, CXCR5 cells. Conclusions Further studies necessary determine, among others, real pattern Vβ gene usage autoantigen-specific patients with images physiology function from MG/EAMG, subset (Tc1, IL-17 IFN-γ cells). There many reports CD20-expressing (or T) diseases, especially multiple sclerosis rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, up now, there has been no report these which might be good direction for future studies.

Language: Английский

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A Key Role of CD8+ T Cells in Controlling of Tuberculosis Infection

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2961 - 2961

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

The main role in the control of tuberculosis infection is played by macrophages and Th1 CD8+ T cells. study aimed to identify most diagnostically significant cell subsets patients. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from patients with clinical, radiological, bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary (TB, n = 32) healthy subjects (HC, 31) were collected analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. Results: frequency EM4 CD3+CD8+ cells was reduced peripheral tuberculosis, while relative absolute number EM1 increased compared group. CD57 expression on EM1, EM2, pE1 cells, whereas EM3 had a high level expression. Tc2 (CCR6–CXCR3–) increased, Tc1 (CCR6–CXCR3+) decreased, donors. Conclusions: Patients have an abnormal profile demonstrate their impaired maturation functional activity.

Language: Английский

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Chemokine receptors in COVID-19 infection

International review of cell and molecular biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 53 - 94

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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CXCR3-Expressing T Cells in Infections and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(8)

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands (MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11) play a central role in the generation of cellular inflammation, both protective responses to invading pathogens, different pathological conditions associated with autoimmunity. It is worth noting that highly expressed on innate adaptive lymphocytes, as well various cell subsets are localized non-immune organs tissues. Our review focuses exclusively CXCR3-expressing T cells, including Th1, Th17.1, Tfh17, Tfh17.1, CXCR3+ Treg Tc1 CD8+ cells. Currently, numerous studies have highlighted CXCR3-dependent interactions coordination inflammation peripheral tissues, increase recruitment CD4+ cells upregulate also for regulatory dampen overexuberant responses. Understanding might help apply them new effective therapeutic targets wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

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Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 Corrects NK Cell Phenotype and Functional Activity in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 537 - 537

Published: April 3, 2023

Post-COVID syndrome develops in 10-20% of people who have recovered from COVID-19 and it is characterized by impaired function the nervous, cardiovascular, immune systems. Previously, was found that patients infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus had a decrease number functional activity NK cells. The aim study to assess effectiveness recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) administered correct cell phenotype post-COVID syndrome. Patients were examined after 3 months for acute varying severity. peripheral blood cells studied flow cytometry. It disturbances subset composition low levels mature (p = 0.001) cytotoxic 0.013), increased release immature 0.023). Functional deficiency lowered due decreased count CD57+ CD8+ < In treatment IL-2, potential restored. general, using rhIL-2 has been proven

Language: Английский

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Circulating CD8+ T Cell Subsets in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2778 - 2778

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Currently, multiple studies have indicated that CD8+ T lymphocytes play a role in causing damage to the exocrine glands through acinar injury primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this research was assess imbalance circulating cell subsets. We analyzed blood samples from 34 pSS patients and healthy individuals as controls. used flow cytometry enumerate maturation stages, using markers CD62L, CD28, CD27, CD4, CD8, CD3, CD45RA CD45. For immunophenotyping 'polarized' subsets, we following monoclonal antibodies: CXCR5, CCR6, CXCR3 CCR4. findings revealed both relative absolute numbers 'naïve' cells were higher compared volunteers. Conversely, proportions effector memory notably lower. Furthermore, our data suggested among with pSS, levels cytotoxic Tc1 reduced, while frequencies regulatory cytokine-producing Tc2 Tc17 significantly elevated. Simultaneously, subsets displayed negative correlation immunoglobulin G, rheumatoid factor, Schirmer test unstimulated saliva flow. On other hand, exhibited positive these parameters. In summary, study immune dysfunction within cells, including alterations plays significant development pSS.

Language: Английский

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Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2123 - 2123

Published: July 27, 2023

COVID-19 infection not only profoundly impacts the detection of tuberculosis (Tbc) but also affects modality in patient immune response. It is important to determine response alterations latent as well SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Such changes may have underlying effects on development and course further tuberculosis. Here, we aimed review characteristics TB patients or convalescent with (LTBI).We analyzed features For this, publications released from December 2019 March 2023; those which were published accessible international databases ("Medline", "PubMed", "Scopus") keywords such "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "tuberculosis", "pulmonary tuberculosis", "latent infection", "Treg", "follicular Treg", "Treg subsets", considered.Through our analysis, found that who had been infected previously elevated Th1 Th2 cell levels. High levels cells serve a positive marker, characterizing activated during infection. post-COVID-19 subjects showed decreased Th17 levels, indicating lack development. Moreover, typical associated an increase Treg level, contributes hyperinflammatory response.According data obtained, proceeds dissimilar way due distinct response, elicited by SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, active severe decline Both pathogens lead disturbed responses, increasing risk developing TB. The insights findings this paper be used improve future management individuals

Language: Английский

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