Nucleocapsid Antibodies as an Optimal Serological Marker of SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection: A Longitudinal Study at the Thomayer University Hospital

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The longitudinal study was conducted over the initial 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic, spanning from June 2020 to December 2022, in healthcare workers (HCWs) Thomayer University Hospital. A total 3892 blood samples were collected and analyzed for nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. aim evaluate dynamics N antibodies, their relationship PCR test, spike (S) interferon-gamma, prediction reinfection with SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

---

The role of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in diagnosis and vaccination in the context of emerging variants: present status and prospects

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Despite many countries rapidly revising their strategies to prevent contagions, the number of people infected with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues surge. The emergent variants that can evade immune response significantly affect effectiveness mainstream vaccines and diagnostic products based on original spike protein. Therefore, it is essential focus highly conserved nature nucleocapsid protein as a potential target in field diagnostics. In this regard, our review initially discusses structure, function, mechanism action N Based discussion, we summarize relevant research in-depth development application methods protein, such serology nucleic acid detection. Such valuable information aid designing more efficient vaccine tools could help end SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the Interplay of Food Security, Safety, and Psychological Wellness in the COVID-19 Era: Managing Strategies for Resilience and Adaptation

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1610 - 1610

Published: May 22, 2024

The global population surge presents a dual challenge and opportunity in the realms of food consumption, safety, mental well-being. This necessitates projected 70% increase production to meet growing demands. Amid this backdrop, ongoing COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates these issues, underscoring need for deeper understanding intricate interplay between consumption patterns health dynamics during crisis. Mitigating spread hinges upon rigorous adherence personal hygiene practices heightened disease awareness. Furthermore, maintaining stringent quality safety standards across both public private sectors is imperative safeguarding containing viral transmission. Drawing existing research, study delves into pandemic’s impact on health, habits, protocols. Through comprehensive analysis, it aims elucidate nuanced relationship among food, well-being amid pandemic, highlighting synergistic effects that underpin holistic human welfare. Our offers novel approach by integrating psychological wellness with security safety. In conceiving review, we aimed comprehensively explore security, backdrop pandemic. review structured encompass thorough examination synthesizing insights multifaceted relationships patterns, dynamics, protocols findings provide valuable practical recommendations enhancing well-being, thus supporting academic research real-world applications crisis management policy development.

Language: Английский

---

Unraveling the role of the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: From viral life cycle to vaccine development

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 279, P. 135201 - 135201

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Detection and Molecular Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant and the Specific Immune Response in Companion Animals in Switzerland

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 245 - 245

Published: Jan. 15, 2023

In human beings, there are five reported variants of concern severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, in contrast to descriptions infections animals with specific still rare. The aim this study is systematically investigate SARS-CoV-2 companion close contact SARS-CoV-2-positive owners (“COVID-19 households”) a focus on the Delta variant. Samples, obtained from and their were analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) next-generation sequencing (NGS). Animals also tested for antibodies neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. Eleven cats three dogs nine COVID-19-positive households RT-qPCR and/or serologically positive For seven animals, genetic sequence could be determined. infected by one pangolin lineages B.1.617.2, AY.4, AY.43 AY.129 between zero single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected viral genomes owners, indicating within-household transmission animal owner multi-pet animals. NGS data identified SNPs that occur at higher frequency sequences than humans, as well SNPs, which exclusively found investigated current not owners. conclusion, our first describe variant Switzerland provides first-ever description Delta-variant AY.4 Our results reinforce need One Health approach monitoring

Language: Английский

---

An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

AIMS Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 375 - 401

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Over the last three years, after outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate immune response SARS-CoV-2 widely considered as part control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has studied a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon onset numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on market emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists tried better define accuracy these their usefulness different contexts. In fact, while during first phase pandemic auxiliary molecular diagnosis COVID-19, successively became tool seroprevalence surveillance address infection policies. When 2021 massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, interest LFIA reemerged due need establish extent longevity immunization vaccinated population priorities guide health policies low-income countries limited access vaccines. Here, we summarize accuracy, advantages limits POC detection, highlighting efforts that made improve this technology over few years.

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of Immunogenic and Antigenic Properties of Recombinant Nucleocapsid Proteins of Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants in a Mouse Model

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 230 - 230

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

COVID-19 cases caused by new variants of highly mutable SARS-CoV-2 continue to be identified worldwide. Effective control the spread can achieved through targeting conserved viral epitopes. In this regard, nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is much more than evolutionarily influenced spike protein (S), a suitable antigen. The recombinant N considered not only as screening antigen but also basis for development next-generation vaccines, little known about induction antibodies against via different variants. addition, it important understand how produced one variant react with proteins other Here, we used from five strains investigate their immunogenicity and antigenicity in mouse model obtain characterize panel hybridoma-derived monoclonal anti-N antibodies. We analyzed variable epitopes that are potentially involved differential recognition antiviral These results will further deepen our knowledge cross-reactivity humoral immune response COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---

Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1747 - 1747

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated antigenically match circulating viruses. The virus nucleoprotein (NP) much more conserved than HA NA, thus seems a promising target for design improved vaccines with broad cross-reactivity diverse Traditional subunit or recombinant protein do not contain NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated (LAIVs) express within infected cells, inducing strong NP-specific antibodies T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at mode immunity. Although conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due selective immune pressure, meaning that particular antigen selected may significant impact on overall immunogenicity efficacy candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data conservation A review results preclinical clinical trials NP-targeting prototypes, focusing ability responses protect

Language: Английский

---

Overview of Nucleocapsid-Targeting Vaccines against COVID-19

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1810 - 1810

Published: Dec. 3, 2023

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, is a highly variable causative agent of COVID-19, contagious respiratory disease with potentially severe complications. Vaccination considered the most effective measure to prevent spread and complications this infection. Spike (S) protein-based vaccines were very successful preventing COVID-19 caused by ancestral strain; however, their efficacy was significantly reduced when coronavirus variants antigenically different from original strain circulation. This due high variability major viral antigen escape immunity infection or vaccination spike-targeting vaccines. nucleocapsid protein (N) much more conserved than spike has therefore attracted attention scientists as promising target for broad-spectrum vaccine development. Here, we summarized current data on various N-based that have been tested animal challenge models clinical trials. Despite conservatism N protein, mutations gradually occurring sequence can affect its protective properties. During three years pandemic, at least 12 arisen sequence, affecting 40 known immunogenic T-cell epitopes, so antigenicity recent may be altered. fact should taken into account limitation development cross-reactive based N-protein.

Language: Английский

---

Unravelling Antigenic Cross-Reactions toward the World of Coronaviruses: Extent of the Stability of Shared Epitopes and SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 713 - 713

Published: May 13, 2023

The human immune repertoire retains the molecular memory of a very great diversity target antigens (epitopes) and can recall this upon second encounter with epitopes against which it has previously been primed. Although genetically diverse, proteins coronaviruses exhibit sufficient conservation to lead antigenic cross-reactions. In review, our goal is question whether pre-existing immunity seasonal (HCoVs) or exposure animal CoVs influenced susceptibility populations SARS-CoV-2 and/or had an impact physiopathological outcome COVID-19. With hindsight that we now have regarding COVID-19, conclude although cross-reactions between different exist, cross-reactive antibody levels (titers) do not necessarily reflect on B cell frequencies are always directed confer cross-protection SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, immunological these infections short-term occurs in only small percentage population. Thus, contrast what might be observed terms at level single individual recently exposed circulating coronaviruses, HCoVs other minor circulation populations.

Language: Английский

---