Safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled and randomized clinical trials

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

Abstract Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been discovered within a very small duration of time as compared to the traditional way for development vaccines, which raised question about safety and efficacy approved vaccines. The purpose this study is look at effectiveness vaccine platforms incidence COVID‐19. literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, clinical trials.gov databases studies published between 1 January 2020 19 February 2022. Preferred Reporting Items Systemic Review Meta‐Analysis Statement guidelines were followed. Among 284 articles received by keywords, total 11 eligible according inclusion exclusion criteria (studies in special populations, e.g., pregnant women, paediatric patients, editorials, case reports, review articles, preclinical vitro studies) study. A 247,186 participants considered randomisation baseline, among them, 129,572 (52.42%) provided with (Intervention group) 117,614 (47.58%) placebo (Control group). pooled fold change estimation 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31, p < 0.0001) showed significant protection COVID‐19 vaccines group versus group. mRNA based, inactivated non‐replicating viral vector‐based significantly 0.08 0.06–0.10), 0.20 0.14–0.29) 0.36 0.28–0.46), respectively. Injection site discomfort fatigue most common side effect observed mRNA, vector, inactivated, protein subunit‐based All found safe efficacious but mRNA‐based be more SARS‐CoV‐2 than other platforms.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Acceptance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 298 - 298

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster dose vaccination after completing the primary series for individuals ≥18 years and most-at-risk populations. This study aimed to estimate pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intention get among general populations healthcare workers (HCWs). We searched PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, Web Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect according PRISMA guidelines. From a total 1079 screened records, 50 studies were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using 48 high-quality Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Using included studies, acceptance 198,831 subjects 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 75–85%, I2 = 100%). actual in eight involving 12,995 31% CI: 19–46%, 100%), while have 79% 72–85%, vaccines HCWs 66% 58–74%), 99%). Meta-regression revealed that previous infection associated with lower dose. Conversely, significantly higher level uptake. WHO region Americas, which did not include any vaccination, 77% 66–85%, Western Pacific 89% 84–92%, 100), followed by European region: 86% 81–90%, 99%), Eastern Mediterranean 59% 46–71%, Southeast Asian 52% 43–61%, 95). Having chronic trust effectiveness significant predictors acceptance. global rate is high, but rates vary region. To achieve herd immunity disease, high required. Intensive campaigns programs are still needed around world raise public awareness regarding importance accepting proper control pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses Using the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study in Low-Middle- and High-Income Countries of the East Mediterranean Region

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(19), P. 12136 - 12136

Published: Sept. 25, 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) booster doses decrease infection transmission and severity. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in low, middle, high-income countries East Mediterranean Region (EMR) its determinants using health belief model (HBM). In addition, we identify causes dose rejection main source information about vaccination. Using snowball convince sampling technique, a bilingual, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was used collect data from 14 EMR through different social media platforms. Logistic regression analysis estimate key that predict vaccination among respondents. Overall, 2327 participants responded questionnaire. total, 1468 received compulsory Of them, 739 (50.3%) 387 (26.4%) were willing get doses. Vaccine rates 73.4%, 67.9%, 83.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Participants who reported reliance on Ministry Health websites more accept (79.3% vs. 66.6%, p The leading behind beliefs have no benefit (48.35%) severe side effects (25.6%). Determinants age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.03, 0.002), provided by (OR 3.40, CI: 1.79-6.49, 0.015), perceived susceptibility 1.88, 1.21-2.93, 0.005), severity 2.08, 137-3.16, 0.001), risk 0.25, 0.19-0.34, Booster is relatively high. Interventions based HBM may provide useful directions for policymakers enhance population's

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 849 - 849

Published: April 15, 2023

The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation failed to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection transmission, partially due limited induction mucosal immunity, leading continuous emergence variants concern (VOC) breakthrough infections. To meet challenges from VOC, durability, lack immune response vaccines, novel approaches are being investigated. Herein, we have discussed current knowledge pertaining natural vaccine-induced controlling SARS-CoV2 infection. We also presented status aimed at eliciting both systemic immunity. Finally, adjuvant-free approach elicit effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which lacks safety concerns associated with live-attenuated vaccine platforms.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Older adults are more susceptible to severe health outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Universal vaccination has become a trend, but there still doubts and research gaps regarding the COVID-19 in elderly. This study aimed investigate efficacy, immunogenicity, safety of vaccines older people aged ≥ 55 years their influencing factors.Randomized controlled trials from inception April 9, 2022, were systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web Science. We estimated summary relative risk (RR), rates, or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects meta-analysis. was registered PROSPERO (CRD42022314456).Of 32 eligible studies, 21, 25 analyzed safety, respectively. In adults, efficacious against (79.49%, CI: 60.55-89.34), excellent seroconversion rate (92.64%, 86.77-96.91) geometric titer (GMT) (SMD 3.56, 2.80-4.31) neutralizing antibodies, provided significant protection (87.01%, 50.80-96.57). Subgroup meta-regression analyses consistently found vaccine types number doses be primary factors efficacy immunogenicity. Specifically, mRNA showed best (90.72%, 86.82-93.46), consistent its highest (98.52%, 93.45-99.98) GMT 6.20, 2.02-10.39). Compared control groups, significantly increased incidence total adverse events (AEs) (RR 1.59, 1.38-1.83), including most local systemic AEs, such as pain, fever, chill, etc. For inactivated DNA vaccines, any AEs similar between groups (p > 0.1), while had range 1.74 7.22).COVID-19 acceptable immunogenicity people, especially providing high disease. The efficacious, it is worth surveillance some caused. Increased booster coverage warranted, additional studies urgently required longer follow-up periods variant strains.

Language: Английский

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Exploring enablers and barriers toward COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Arabs: A qualitative study

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 103304 - 103304

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

The World Health Organisation has reported that the viral disease known as COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is leading cause of death a single infectious agent. This narrative review examines certain components pandemic: its origins, early clinical data, global and UK-focussed epidemiology, vaccination, variants, long COVID.

Language: Английский

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Quality of life among health care workers in Arab countries 2 years after COVID-19 pandemic

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 3, 2022

Assessment of the quality life (QoL) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is vital for better and an essential indicator competent health service delivery. Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic strike, frontline position HCWs subjected them to tremendous mental psychological burden with a high risk virus acquisition.This study evaluated QoL its influencing factors residing in Arab countries.This was cross-sectional using self-administered online questionnaire based on World Health Organization QoL-BREF instrument additional questions related COVID-19. The conducted three different languages (Arabic, English, French) across 19 countries between February 22 March 24, 2022.A total 3,170 were included survey. majority females (75.3%), aged 18-40 years (76.4%), urban residents (90.4%), married (54.5%), living middle-income (72.0%). mean scores general 3.7 ± 1.0 0.9, respectively. Those who attained average physical, psychological, social, environmental 40.8, 15.4, 26.2, 22.3%, income per capita country affected all domains. Previous COVID-19 infection, having relatives died COVID-19, being vaccinated against significantly domains.A large proportion this had overall poor QoL. More attention should be directed vulnerable group ensure their productivity provision.

Language: Английский

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Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 234 - 234

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

The parents’ attitude toward vaccinating children and adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains inconsistent needs further elucidation. high rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region require intensive research to understand determinants this phenomenon. This study aimed validate a version Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) tool Arabic, most widely spoken language MENA. objectives included investigation Arab-speaking views regarding vaccination their children. Parents living Egypt with at least one child aged 5−18 years were eligible participate that was conducted through an online survey 15 PACV items. translated into Arabic using forward backward translation. To assess psychometric properties PACV, Pearson’s correlation coefficient exploratory confirmatory factor analysis (EFA CFA) performed. A total 223 parents participated study: 59.82% 30−39 years, 69.20% females, 46.19% university-educated, 40.63% had child. overall Cronbach’s alpha for 0.799. EFA items showed three domains conceptually equivalent. All positive significant mean score each subscale except item 4 (r = 0.016, p 0.811). Regression analyses results indicated education, previous infection, status parents, significantly associated intention vaccinate COVID-19. CFA loadings statistically (p < 0.010) 7. However, root square error approximation (RMSEA 0.080) standardized squared residual (SRMR model reasonable fit, factors good reproducing correlation. Our validity reliability instrument language. Consequently, can be used majority MENA countries better delineation highly prevalent phenomenon region.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics of Mild Patients with Breakthrough Infection of Omicron Variant in China after Relaxing the Dynamic Zero COVID-19 Policy

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 968 - 968

Published: May 10, 2023

For SARS-CoV-2 mutants, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate clinical characteristics Omicron-infected patients who completed primary immunization and booster immunization, respectively, during rapid propagation Omicron variant in China. A total 932 with confirmed infection from 18 December 2022 1 January 2023 were included survey by filling out questionnaires online. The enrolled divided into group according their vaccination status. During whole course disease, most frequent symptoms fever (90.6%), cough (84.3%), weakness (77.4%), headache dizziness (76.1%), myalgia (73.9%). Nearly 90% had lasting for less than 10 days, 39.8% ended disease 4-6 days. 58.8% these a maximum body temperature over 38.5 °C. Moreover, 61.4% that lasted 2 There no obvious differences initial symptoms, cardinal symptom duration time, temperature, time between two groups patients. addition, significant difference was found positive or negative conversion antigen/nucleic acid mild breakthrough infection, enhanced has impact on performance viral compared immunization. reasons behind different manifestations after strain are worth further research. Heterologous may be better strategy which can help improve immune protection ability population. Further research should carried against mutant strains spectral anti-COVID-19 vaccines.

Language: Английский

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