The association of weight loss with changes in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and intestinal permeability: a systematic review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Susan A. Jebb, Matthew Zimmerman

et al.

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

The gut microbiome may be a mediator between obesity and health outcomes. However, it is unclear how intentional weight loss changes the microbiota intestinal permeability. We aimed to systematically review quantify this association. searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, trial registries until June 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42020205292). included trials of interventions (energy-restricted diets, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) reporting on microbiome. Two reviewers independently completed screening, extraction, risk assessment with ROBINS-I tool. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses. Forty-seven 1,916 participants (81% female) median follow-up 6 months (range: 2–24) included. Based imprecise evidence but fairly consistent direction effect, was associated statistically significant increase in α-diversity [SMD: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2, 0.6], p < .0001, I2 = 70%, n 30 studies) reduction permeability −0.7 −0.9, −0.4), 83%, 17 studies]. Each kg 0.012 0.0003, 0.024, .045) −0.017 −0.034, −0.001, .038) There clear increases relative abundance Akkermansia, no individual phyla, species, or fecal short-chain fatty acids. Restricting analyses studies lower bias did not materially alter estimates. Increasing positively reductions

Language: Английский

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis DOI Open Access
John F. Cryan, Kenneth J. O’Riordan, Caitlin S.M. Cowan

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

Citations

3470
Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota DOI

Na-Ri Shin,

Tae Woong Whon, Jin‐Woo Bae

et al.

Trends in biotechnology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 496 - 503

Published: July 22, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

3062
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease DOI Creative Commons
Simon R. Carding, Kristin Verbeke,

Daniel T. Vipond

et al.

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 26(0)

Published: Feb. 2, 2015

There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota associated with pathogenesis both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders.Intestinal disorders include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome (IBS), coeliac while allergy, asthma, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular obesity.In many these conditions, mechanisms leading to disease development involves pivotal mutualistic relationship between colonic microbiota, their products, host immune system.The establishment a 'healthy' early in life appears be critical maintaining homeostasis.Whilst we do not yet have clear understanding what constitutes picture emerging from recent studies identifying particular bacterial species healthy microbiota.In particular, residing within mucus layer colon, either through direct contact cells, or indirect communication via metabolites, may influence whether cellular homeostasis maintained are triggered.In addition inflammation, there some perturbations involved colorectal cancer.In this case, most important factor, rather products interaction diet microbiome.High-protein diets thought result production carcinogenic metabolites induction neoplasia epithelium.Ever more sensitive metabolomics methodologies reveal suite small molecules produced microbiome which mimic act as neurosignallers neurotransmitters.Coupled probiotic interventions alter psychological endpoints humans rodent models, data suggest CNS-related co-morbidities frequently GI originate intestine microbial dysbiosis.This review outlines current showing extent contributes disease.Based on date, can assess potential positively modulate composition ameliorate activity intervention.

Language: Английский

Citations

1564
Gut microbiome and serum metabolome alterations in obesity and after weight-loss intervention DOI
Ruixin Liu, Jie Hong, Xiaoqiang Xu

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 859 - 868

Published: June 19, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

1255
Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics DOI Creative Commons
Xihua Lin, Hong Li

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. continues accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised mass index (BMI) risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, dramatic decrease life quality expectancy. The main cause obesity long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms with aim providing actionable treatment strategies achieve healthy weight from nature nurture. This review summarizes global trends special focus pathogenesis genetic factors epigenetic factors, social environmental microenvironment factors. Against this background, discuss several possible intervention minimize BMI.

Language: Английский

Citations

838
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation DOI Creative Commons
Valentina Tremaroli, Fredrik Karlsson,

Malin Werling

et al.

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 228 - 238

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective procedure for treatment of obesity. Given role gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism and adiposity, we investigated long-term effects bariatric on microbiome patients randomized to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty matched weight fat mass loss. The two surgical procedures induced similar durable changes that were not dependent body index resulted altered levels fecal circulating metabolites compared with obese controls. By colonizing germ-free mice stools from patients, demonstrated surgically promoted reduced deposition recipient mice. These also had a lower respiratory quotient, indicating decreased utilization carbohydrates as fuel. Our results suggest may play direct reduction adiposity observed after surgery.

Language: Английский

Citations

710
The human gut microbiota: Metabolism and perspective in obesity DOI Open Access

Aline Corado Gomes,

Christian Hoffmann, João Felipe Mota

et al.

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 18

Published: April 18, 2018

The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important factor in the development of metabolic diseases such obesity and is considered endocrine organ involved maintenance energy homeostasis host immunity. Dysbiosis can change functioning intestinal barrier gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) by allowing passage structural components bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which activate inflammatory pathways that may contribute to insulin resistance. Furthermore, dysbiosis alter production gastrointestinal peptides related satiety, resulting increased food intake. In obese people, this seems be increases phylum Firmicutes, genus Clostridium, species Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium coccoides, Lactobacillus reuteri, Akkermansia muciniphila, histolyticum, Staphylococcus aureus.

Language: Английский

Citations

591
The role of Gut Microbiota in the development of obesity and Diabetes DOI Creative Commons
Othman A. Baothman, Mazin A. Zamzami, Ibrahim Taher

et al.

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 18, 2016

Obesity and its associated complications like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic stages. Increased food intake lack of exercise two main contributing factors. Recent work has been highlighting an increasingly more important role gut microbiota in metabolic disorders. It's well known that plays a major the development absorption low grade inflammation, key processes obesity diabetes. This review summarizes discoveries during past decade established It will look at metabolites mainly short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by how they impact pathways such as insulin signalling, incretin production inflammation. further possible ways to harness beneficial aspects combat these disorders reduce their impact.

Language: Английский

Citations

452
Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Joe Alcock, Carlo C. Maley, Athena Aktipis

et al.

BioEssays, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 940 - 949

Published: Aug. 8, 2014

Microbes in the gastrointestinal tract are under selective pressure to manipulate host eating behavior increase their fitness, sometimes at expense of fitness. may do this through two potential strategies: (i) generating cravings for foods that they specialize on or suppress competitors, (ii) inducing dysphoria until we eat enhance We review several mechanisms microbial control over including influence reward and satiety pathways, production toxins alter mood, changes receptors taste receptors, hijacking vagus nerve, neural axis between gut brain. also evidence alternative explanations unhealthy behavior. Because microbiota easily manipulatable by prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplants, dietary changes, altering our offers a tractable approach otherwise intractable problems obesity eating.

Language: Английский

Citations

402
Role of the Microbiome in Energy Regulation and Metabolism DOI Open Access
Max Nieuwdorp,

Pim W. Gilijamse,

Nikhil Pai

et al.

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 146(6), P. 1525 - 1533

Published: Feb. 19, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

398