Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 7 - 60

Published: April 21, 2021

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing haploid nucleus acrosomal exocytotic granule, flagellum, which generates energy propels cell; both structures are connected by neck. sperm’s aim to participate in fertilization, thus activating development. Despite this common bauplan function, there an enormous diversity structure performance of sperm cells. For example, mammalian spermatozoa may exhibit several head patterns overall lengths ranging from ∼30 350 µm. Mechanisms transport female tract, preparation for recognition interaction oocyte also show considerable variation. There has been much interest understanding origin diversity, evolutionary terms relation mechanisms underlying differentiation testis. Here, relationships between function examined at levels: first, analyzing selective forces that drive changes physiology understand adaptive values variation impact on male reproductive success second, examining cellular molecular formation testis explain how can give rise such wide array forms functions.

Language: Английский

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CASA-Mot in mammals: an update

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 799 - 799

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Sperm motility is one of the most widely used parameters sperm quality. Computer-aided analysis (CASA-Mot) systems were developed to reduce subjectivity assessment, and have had broad scientific practical acceptance. In this review, sources variation current applications technology its relationships with other quality tests are described in detail. Despite remarkable advances technique, there still great need for standardisation many species, numerous factors that affect results make it difficult provide universally accepted criteria classifying semen samples based on characteristics. The main fields CASA-Mot include study male fertility pathologies, evaluation effects physical chemical agents, improvement epidemiological survey studies, more precise calculation seminal doses farm animals, realisation basic studies about function, technologies such as cryopreservation control analysis. Numerous been established between tests, although these complementary. Future will probably be able integrate several motility.

Language: Английский

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Motile sperm subpopulations in bull semen using different clustering approaches – Associations with flow cytometric sperm characteristics and fertility

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 106329 - 106329

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Effect of frame rate capture frequency on sperm kinematic parameters and subpopulation structure definition in boars, analysed with a CASA‐Mot system

Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 167 - 175

Published: Sept. 1, 2018

Contents Motility is the most widely used indicator of sperm quality. Computer‐Assisted Semen Analysis ( CASA ) allows objective evaluation motility parameters. technology a common tool to predict semen doses in farm animal reproduction. The kinds video cameras until now for image acquisition have presented limited frame rates FR ), which negative influence on quality obtained data. aim present work was define optimal rate correct boar and its subpopulation structure. Eighteen ejaculates from nine mature boars Pietrain breed were used. Using ISAS ® v1 ‐Mot system, with camera working up 200 Hz, six s (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 fps) compared. D4C20 counting chambers, warmed 37°C, affected all kinematic parameters, curvilinear velocity VCL BCF sensitive ones. All parameters showed differences among animals. Non‐linear correlation asymptotic level at 212 fps, being highest For future studies based just progressive motility, almost 100 fps 0.5 must be used, while when kinematics considered, one‐second should analysed. Three principal components (velocity, progressivity oscillation), similar 50 fps. Cells grouped four subpopulations but different cellular distribution both s.

Language: Английский

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Afterword to Sperm morphometrics today and tomorrow special issue in Asian Journal of Andrology

Asian Journal of Andrology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 895 - 895

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

The problems associated with the subjective assessment of human sperm morphology have been well aired in another Asian Journal Andrology Special Issue1 that marked publication 5th edition WHO Semen analysis manual, and contrary views subsequently presented.2 However, vagaries eye-brain system assessing whether a head is large or small can be eliminated by objective where definitive structures are defined their dimensions. These then classified automatically into as many categories data permit, conventionally on basis preset upper lower limits, but also more comprehensive discussed here. This Issue computer-aided comprises four reviews (on transport mammals,3 current status morphometry mammals4 birds,5 relevant statistical methods to assess morphometric results6); three clinical research papers subpopulations split ejaculates from adult men normozoospermia7 adolescents without varicocoele,8 including use computer-assisted nuclear DNA fragmentation9); six veterinary populations epididymis (in normozoospermic teratozoospermic domestic cats10) ejaculated spermatozoa (from an endangered puma species,11 roosters guinea fowls,12 rams, bulls boars,13 cryopreserved bovine semen14). Although most these studies examined dimensions air-dried, fixed, stained cells, others taken advantage method determine extent organelle-specific fluorescent dye binding. DNA-binding dyes were used examine fixed smears ejaculate fractions,7 together chromosome-specific probes morphometrics X- Y-bearing spermatozoa.15 A combination specific for acrosome-specific permitted simultaneous whole its acrosomal components.13 novel approaches should lead rapid descriptive diagnostic advances both fields. That there submissions than field probably indicates financial importance given improving diagnosis selection commercial industries. In fact, scientific point view, much work significance has developed other animal species human. irruption ICSI could explain this difference. fact only one spermatozoon enough achieve pregnancy delayed spermatology On hand, high variability infertility cases may make it seem unattractive investment whereas opposite case: presented here show equipment, researchers, correlate results, would generate range observations fertile infertile currently unexplained causes infertility. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS SPERM CELLS application principal component (PC) discriminant reveal powerful tool evaluate raw semen processed cell suspensions, not clinicians aware technique. As described several here, PC multivariate reduces number variables subsequent calculations describe data. By integrating original according coherence database new complex mathematical variable, clearly homogeneous defined. support theory above, showed variance up 13 explained two PCs: bulls,16 adolescent humans,8 DNA,9 cats,10 puma,11 roosters, fowls12 PCs samples.7 From PCs, was separable morphological forms. Here, ranged five: (for X-/Y-bearing heads,15 large+elongated/small+elongated heads adolescents8), large+round/elongated/small elongated+intermediate/large+high acrosome/short+small small, wide slightly elliptical/average size, long, narrow very elliptical/very large, elliptical rooster12), large/high medium/low medium/small small/short/large/narrow bull,14 shape-related normo- terato-zoospermic five wide, short elliptical/small, short, fowl12). awkward, convoluted, descriptions nature clusters generated technique highlight difficulty getting agreement (be intra- inter-laboratory, national international) between observers definitions normal morphology, let alone abnormal contrast, ability detect, unambiguously define, measurements derived CASA-Morph important advance analysis. first step, knowledge infertility, promotion reproductive performance conservation biology, husbandry, clinic. words, could, future should, replace previous approach artificial "a priori" classification based evaluations. For example, future, named subpopulation, (e.g., SP2), term "small." paper opens door integrated holistic function. Until now, all parameters evaluated independently, diminishing global power prediction. different interactive become, better evaluation quality will be. numbers seminal fractions obtained remains followed investigating presence certain indicators fertility if changes upon maturation cat epididymis10 indicative epididymal process, aberrant malfunction feline species; automated damage9 useful optimizing enrich less damaged cells required ART; likewise, interesting find out differences bulls, thawed straws16 present native introduced cryopreservation protocol, monitor development select subpopulation (of elongated tapered spermatozoa) previously AI. FUTURE New techniques recently developed, e.g., stains, providing additional information function,1617 here,13 similar developments expected. effect preparative interventions final documented,181920212223 eliminating problem option attempting take account artifacts produced examined. regard, Trumorph® dispenses altogether air-drying, fixation, staining, artifacts, involves direct examination living, immobilized semen.2425 Rapid, such provide real-time precede removal unadulterated cell, spermatozoa, ART. Perhaps extended scanning confocal microscopy. NOTE ON CASA TERMINOLOGY preparing Issue, became apparent conventional terminology inadequate uses which technology now being put. initially submitted authors acronyms they using, CASMA (Computer-Aided Sperm Morphology Analysis), CASMA-F (when assessed) ASMA (Automated Analysis). With terms, neither automation (with ASMA) nor CASMA-F) clear abbreviation. spatulate itself, acrosome, nucleus each analyzed system,13 filiform permit values length tail.5 Thus, change feature measuring needed. acronym itself (computer-aided/assisted analysis) uninformative since refer any aspect spermatozoa: concentration, motility, kinematic combinations these. Indeed, early blanket cover them although today generally association kinematics.26 use, informative simple addition M motility (CASMA), letter stand morphology. Using K kinematics (CASKA) alternative signifying percentage moving recorded. Any abbreviation must informative, assessed, latter organelles (whole head, nucleus, midpiece, tail), (DNA fragmentation) features, analyzed. We suggest following hyphenated compound terminology: generic kind analysis, indicating performed, i.e., CASA-Conc concentration), CASA-Mot kinematics), morphometry), CASA-DNA studied). necessary indicate when (CASA-Morph-F) fragmentation assessed (CASA-DNAf). revised manuscripts agreed papers, we hope readers. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS CS, TGC, AV, JLY contributed aspects review; CS TGC wrote manuscript. COMPETING INTERESTS Trumorph®. Neither he interests influenced paper.

Language: Английский

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Kinematic Sub-Populations in Bull Spermatozoa: A Comparison of Classical and Bayesian Approaches

Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 138 - 138

Published: June 26, 2020

The ejaculate is heterogenous and sperm sub-populations with different kinematic patterns can be identified in various species. Nevertheless, although these are statistically well defined, the statistical differences not always relevant. aim of present study was to characterize from two bovine species, diluted commercial extenders, determine relevance through Bayesian analysis. Semen 10 bulls evaluated after thawing. An ISAS®v1 computer-assisted analysis (CASA)-Mot system employed an image acquisition rate 50 Hz ISAS®D4C20 counting chambers. Sub-populations motile spermatozoa were characterized using multivariate procedures such as principal components (PCs) clustering methods (k-means model). Four three PCs that involved progressiveness, velocity, cell undulatory movement. proportions varied extender used Despite a difference (p < 0.05) between confirmed only one them (Triladyl®) presented relevant when compared Tris-EY OptiXcell®. Extenders differed proportion cells each sub-populations. Similar Bos taurus indicus. results indicate SP1, SP2, SP3 for PC criteria For linearity, SP4 did show regarding other classical approach or subpopulation thus may have direct biological meaning. Therefore, needs reevaluated.

Language: Английский

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Predictive Capacity of Boar Sperm Morphometry and Morphometric Sub-Populations on Reproductive Success after Artificial Insemination

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 920 - 920

Published: March 24, 2021

The aim of the study was to compare morphometric features sperm head size and shape from Pietrain line Duroc × boar crossbred terminal lines, evaluate their relationship with reproductive success after artificial insemination sows produced crossbreeding York, Landrace breeds. Semen samples were collected 11 sexually mature boars. Only ejaculates greater than 70% motility rate <15% abnormal used for inseminations (AI) included in study. Samples analyzed using an ISAS®v1 computer-assisted analysis system eight parameters (CASA-Morph). Sub-populations characterized multivariate procedures, such as principal component (PC) clustering methods (k-means model). Four different ejaculate sub-populations identified two PCs that involved spermatozoa. discriminant ability variables predict sow litter a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Sperm length, ellipticity, elongation, regularity showed significant predictive capacity on (0.59, 0.59, 0.60, 0.56 area under (AUC), respectively). not related size.

Language: Английский

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Determining the relationship between bull sperm kinematic subpopulations and fluorescence groups using an integrated sperm quality analysis technique

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 919 - 919

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between kinematic sperm subpopulations and fluorescent groups in bulls using a new staining method that allows classification spermatozoa into depending on their acrosomal membrane integrity, as well functional status, without inhibiting motility. Cryopreserved semen samples from 10 Holstein were used study. A multiparametric analysis results obtained by ISAS 3Fun kit (Proiser) performed. different detected motility characteristics evaluated software. Clustering procedures data resulted three subpopulations. distribution (P < 0.001), although correlation them low (r = 0.113; P 0.01).

Language: Английский

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Comparison of sperm motility subpopulation structure among wild anadromous and farmed male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr using a CASA system

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 897 - 897

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an endangered freshwater species that needs help to recover its wild stocks. However, the priority in aquaculture obtain successful fertilisation and genetic variability secure revival of species. The aims present work were study sperm subpopulation structure motility patterns anadromous males farmed male parr. Salmon samples collected from (WS) two generations parr males. Sperm sexually mature was analysed at different times after activation (5 35 s). Differences among three groups using statistical techniques based on Cluster analysis Bayesian method. found have subpopulations, spermatozoa ejaculates had a higher velocity larger size than those WS This could be adaptation high competition because salmonid are naturally adapted this process. Motility enables us identify it may useful correlate these subpopulations with ability test whether faster-swimming probability success.

Language: Английский

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Toward an integrative and predictive sperm quality analysis in Bos taurus

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 108 - 114

Published: March 31, 2017

Language: Английский

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