The Sikkim flood of October 2023: Drivers, causes and impacts of a multihazard cascade DOI Open Access
Ashim Sattar, Kristen Cook, Shashi Kant

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

On 3 October 2023, a multihazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by 14.7 million m3 of frozen lateral moraine collapsing into South Lhonak Lake, generating an ~20 m tsunami-like impact wave, breaching moraine, and draining ~50 water. The ensuing Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) eroded ~270 sediment, which overwhelmed infrastructure, including hydropower installations along Teesta River. physical scale human economic this event prompts urgent reflection on role climate change activities exacerbating such disasters. Insights evolution are pivotal for informing policy development, enhancing Early Warning Systems (EWS), spurring paradigm shifts GLOF risk management strategies Himalaya other mountain environments.

Language: Английский

ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications DOI Creative Commons
Joaquín Muñoz‐Sabater, Emanuel Dutra, Anna Agustí‐Panareda

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 4349 - 4383

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Abstract. Framed within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) of European Commission, Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is producing an enhanced global dataset land component fifth generation ReAnalysis (ERA5), hereafter referred to as ERA5-Land. Once completed, period covered will span from 1950 present, with continuous updates support monitoring applications. ERA5-Land describes evolution water and energy cycles over in a consistent manner production period, which, among others, could be used analyse trends anomalies. This achieved through high-resolution numerical integrations ECMWF surface model driven by downscaled meteorological forcing ERA5 climate reanalysis, including elevation correction thermodynamic near-surface state. shares most parameterizations that guarantees use state-of-the-art modelling applied weather prediction (NWP) models. A main advantage compared older ERA-Interim horizontal resolution, which globally 9 km 31 (ERA5) or 80 (ERA-Interim), whereas temporal resolution hourly ERA5. Evaluation against independent situ observations satellite-based reference datasets shows added value description hydrological cycle, particular soil moisture lake description, overall better agreement river discharge estimations available observations. However, snow depth fields present mixed performance when those ERA5, depending on geographical location altitude. The cycle comparable results Nevertheless, reduces averaged root mean square error skin temperature, taking MODIS data, mainly due contribution coastal points where spatial important. Since January 2020, has extended 1981 near 2- 3-month delay respect real time. segment prior production, aiming release whole summer/autumn 2021. high ERA5-Land, its consistency produced makes it valuable studies, initialize NWP models, diverse applications dealing resource, land, environmental management. full (Muñoz-Sabater, 2019a) monthly 2019b) presented this paper are C3S Data Store at https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.e2161bac https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30, respectively.

Language: Английский

Citations

2705
Evaluation of the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential reference dataset for hydrological modelling over North America DOI Creative Commons
Tarek Mostafa, François Brissette, Richard Arsenault

et al.

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 2527 - 2544

Published: May 14, 2020

Abstract. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) recently released its most advanced reanalysis product, the ERA5 dataset. It was designed and generated with methods giving it multiple advantages over previous release, ERA-Interim product. Notably, has a finer spatial resolution, is archived at hourly time step, uses more assimilation system includes sources of data. This paper aims to evaluate as potential reference dataset hydrological modelling by considering precipitation temperatures proxies observations in process, using two lumped models 3138 North American catchments. study shows that ERA5-based performance equivalent America, exception eastern half US, where lead consistently better performance. temperature biases are reduced compared systematically accurate modelling. Differences between ERA5, observation datasets mostly linked precipitation, only marginally influences simulation outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

533
Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission (IMERG) DOI
George J. Huffman, David T. Bolvin, Dan Braithwaite

et al.

Advances in global change research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 343 - 353

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

478
Evaluation of the ERA5 reanalysis precipitation dataset over Chinese Mainland DOI
Qin Jiang, Weiyue Li,

Zedong Fan

et al.

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 595, P. 125660 - 125660

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

376
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies DOI Creative Commons
Marco Cucchi, Graham P. Weedon, A. Amici

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 2097 - 2120

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Abstract. The WFDE5 dataset has been generated using the WATCH Forcing Data (WFD) methodology applied to surface meteorological variables from ERA5 reanalysis. WFDEI had previously by applying WFD ERA-Interim. is provided at 0.5∘ spatial resolution but higher temporal (hourly) compared (3-hourly). It also variability since it was aggregation of higher-resolution rather than interpolation lower-resolution ERA-Interim data. Evaluation against observations 13 globally distributed FLUXNET2015 sites shows that, on average, lower mean absolute error and correlation for all variables. Bias-adjusted monthly precipitation totals result in more plausible global hydrological water balance components when analysed an uncalibrated model (WaterGAP) with use raw data forcing. dataset, which can be downloaded https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.20d54e34 (C3S, 2020b), Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) through its Store (CDS, C3S, 2020a) currently spans start January 1979 end 2018. produced a number CDS Toolbox applications, whose source code available – allowing users regenerate part or apply same approach other Future updates are expected spanning 1950 most recent year. A sample complete covers whole year 2016, accessible without registration https://doi.org/10.21957/935p-cj60 (Cucchi et al., 2020).

Language: Английский

Citations

369
Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature DOI
Piyush Jain, Dante Castellanos‐Acuña, Sean C. P. Coogan

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 63 - 70

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

312
Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors DOI Creative Commons
Hylke E. Beck, Ming Pan, Diego G. Miralles

et al.

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 17 - 40

Published: Jan. 4, 2021

Abstract. Information about the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture is critical for many purposes, including monitoring hydrologic extremes, irrigation scheduling, and prediction agricultural yields. We evaluated temporal dynamics 18 state-of-the-art (quasi-)global near-surface products, six based on satellite retrievals, models without data assimilation (referred to hereafter as “open-loop” models), that assimilate or brightness temperature data. Seven products are introduced first time in this study: one multi-sensor merged product called MeMo (Merged Moisture) estimates from HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model with three precipitation inputs (ERA5, IMERG, MSWEP) SMAPL3E respectively. As reference, we used situ measurements between 2015 2019 at 5 cm depth 826 sensors, located primarily USA Europe. The 3-hourly Pearson correlation (R) was chosen primary performance metric. found application Soil Wetness Index (SWI) smoothing filter resulted improved all products. best-to-worst ranking four single-sensor SMAPL3ESWI, SMOSSWI, AMSR2SWI, ASCATSWI, L-band-based SMAPL3ESWI (median R 0.72) outperforming others 50 % sites. Among two (MeMo ESA-CCISWI), performed better average 0.72 versus 0.67), probably due inclusion SMAPL3ESWI. open-loop HBV-MSWEP, HBV-ERA5, ERA5-Land, HBV-IMERG, VIC-PGF, GLDAS-Noah. This largely reflects quality forcing. HBV-MSWEP 0.78) best not just among but calibration median by +0.12 compared random parameters, highlighting importance calibration. HBV-MSWEP+SMAPL3E, HBV-ERA5+SMAPL3E, GLEAM, SMAPL4, HBV-IMERG+SMAPL3E, ERA5. retrievals into HBV-IMERG +0.06, suggesting yields significant benefits global scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

280
Climate change decisive for Asia’s snow meltwater supply DOI
Philip Kraaijenbrink, Emmy E. Stigter, Tandong Yao

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 591 - 597

Published: June 24, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

248
The effect of rainfall changes on economic production DOI
Maximilian Kotz, Anders Levermann, Leonie Wenz

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 601(7892), P. 223 - 227

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

240
Inter-comparison of ERA-5, ERA-interim and GPCP rainfall over the last 40 years: Process-based analysis of systematic and random differences DOI Creative Commons
Miguel Nogueira

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 583, P. 124632 - 124632

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

235