Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective UK Biobank study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 29, 2022

Abstract Background Previous studies showed that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be a risk factor for subsequent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, there is paucity of information regarding diverse outcomes in elderly women after GDM. In the current study, we examined whether with history GDM have an increased long-term overall outcomes. Methods Among UK participants, included 219,330 aged 40 to 69 years who reported at least one live birth. The new incidence was compared according by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. addition, causal mediation analysis performed examine contribution well-known factors observed risk. Results After enrollment, 13,094 (6.0%) developed Women had [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.36 (95% CI 1.18–1.55)], including coronary artery disease [aHR 1.31 (1.08–1.59)], myocardial infarction 1.65 (1.27–2.15)], ischemic stroke 1.68 (1.18–2.39)], peripheral 1.69 (1.14–2.51)], heart failure 1.41 (1.06–1.87)], mitral regurgitation 2.25 (1.51–3.34)], and atrial fibrillation/flutter 1.47 (1.18–1.84)], adjustment age, race, BMI, smoking, early menopause, hysterectomy, prevalent disease, medication. analysis, overt explained 23%, hypertension 11%, dyslipidemia 10% association between outcome. Conclusions associated more than previously considered, conventional such as diabetes, hypertension, partially contributed this relationship.

Language: Английский

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The fascinating theory of fetal programming of adult diseases: A review of the fundamentals of the Barker hypothesis

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The theory of fetal programming adult diseases was first proposed by David J.P. Barker in the eighties previous century, to explain higher susceptibility some people toward development ischemic heart disease. According his hypothesis, poor maternal living conditions during gestation represent an important risk factor for onset atherosclerotic disease later life. analysis early phases is a fundamental tool stratification children and adults, allowing identification susceptible or resistant subjects multiple Here, we provide narrative summary most relevant evidence supporting hypothesis fields medicine, including neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson Alzheimer disease, kidney failure, atherosclerosis, coronary stroke, diabetes, cancer progression, metabolic syndrome, infectious COVID-19. Given consensus on role body weight at birth practical indicator nutritional status gestation, every subject with low should be considered “at risk” “physiological regenerative medicine,” able improve organs’ perinatal period discussed, light recent experimental data indicating Thymosin Beta-4 powerful growth promoter when administered pregnant mothers before birth.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Placental Function and Implications for Fetal Programming

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 9862 - 9862

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation while pregnant has shown significant negative effects on the developing fetus. One fetal organ which been studied is placenta. The placenta performs all essential functions for development, including nutrition, respiration, waste excretion, endocrine communication, and immunological functions. Improper placental development can lead complications during pregnancy, as well occurrence of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) offspring. IUGR one leading indicators programming, classified an improper uterine environment predisposition diseases within With numerous studies examining there remains a gap in understanding placenta's role irradiation-induced programming. This review aims synthesize current knowledge how irradiation affects function guide future research directions. provides comprehensive overview biology, its structure, function, summarizes with focus impact biology. Taken together, this demonstrates that causes degradation immune dysregulation. Given crucial essential.

Language: Английский

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EFFECT OF OMEGA 3 SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN RAT OFFSPRING

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Aim This study investigates the effects of omega-3 supplementation starting in preconception period, during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks pregnancy, lactation on cognitive functions rat offspring. Methods The involved 30 mother rats divided into a test group receiving 400 mg/kg/day via oral gavage control with no supplementation. Omega-3 began at different stages for each continued through period (21 days). Two male pups from mother, total 60 pups, were tested function 45 days using Morris Water Maze to assess spatial learning reference memory. Results Significant differences found between groups initial weights, pre-mating pre-birth number gestation duration (p<0.05), but not weight gain pregnancy (p>0.05). time find platform 1 2 was significantly (p<0.05). Differences platform-finding times across trials also significant However, difference probe day 5 Conclusion Initiating early may be more effective both short-term long-term

Language: Английский

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Recent Insights and Recommendations for Preventing Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1461 - 1461

Published: March 2, 2024

Recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy are based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Pregnancy is a risk factor excessive and many endocrine problems, making it difficult to return increasing the of postpartum obesity and, consequently, type 2 diabetes metabolic syndrome. Both gestational (EGWG) associated with an increased hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetes, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia, neonatal macrosomia. In long term, EGWG morbidity mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disorders, some cancers. This study aims present recommendations various societies regarding pregnancy, dietary guidance, physical activity. addition, we discuss pathophysiology this complication differential diagnosis in pregnant women EGWG. According our research, inadequate nutrition might contribute more significantly development than insufficient activity levels women. Telehealth systems seem be promising direction future prevention by motivating exercise. Although importance adequate well known, number pregnancy.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Biological Aging During Pregnancy and in Newborns

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. e2427063 - e2427063

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic occurring before the age of 18 years, are associated with epigenetic aging later in life and may be transmitted across generations.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Diet during Pregnancy Alters the Metabolites in Relation to Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases in Young Adult Offspring

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 11046 - 11046

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Maternal nutrition during the critical period of pregnancy increases susceptibility offspring to development diseases later in life. This study aimed analyze metabolite profiles investigate effect maternal diet on changes plasma metabolites and identify correlations with metabolic parameters. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed under- overnutrition compared controls, their fed a standard after birth. Plasma metabolism was profiled at 16 weeks age using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) gas chromatography-tandem mass (GC-MS/MS). We analyzed 80 distinct neurodegenerative disease-associated that sex-differentially altered each group controls (

Language: Английский

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Small for date preterm infants and risk of higher blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 458 - 472

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Abstract Background Historical reports suggest that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk high blood pressure (BP) older ages after adjustment later body size. Such may be inappropriate since adiposity is a known cause of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Objectives To assess the association between SGA births BP among preterm births, considering potential background confounders over‐adjustment Methods A database search studies up to October 2022 included MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL. Studies were if they reported (systolic [SBP] or diastolic [DBP]) (outcomes) participants with (exposure) non‐SGA births. All screening, extraction steps, bias (using Risk Bias In Non‐randomised Interventions [ROBINS‐I] tool) conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Data pooled meta‐analysis using random‐effects models. We explored sources heterogeneity. Results found no meaningful difference without status birth. Meta‐analysis 25 showed SGA, compared non‐SGA, was not associated higher 2 mean differences SBP 0.01 mmHg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12, I = 59.8%, n 20,462) DBP mm Hg 0.12), 22 studies, ( 53.0%, 20,182). Adjustment current weight did alter results, which could due lack most studies. The rated residual confounding, low other domains. Conclusions Evidence indicates developing as children adults infants.

Language: Английский

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Influence of maternal characteristics and infant feeding patterns on infant growth from birth till 18 months: The MISC study

Pediatric Obesity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Summary Background The growth and development of infants during the first 1000 days life are crucial for their health. Objectives This study aims to assess impact maternal characteristics infant feeding patterns on from birth 18 months. Methods Data were derived 2‐year perspective Mother Infant Study Cohort (MISC) which included six visits third trimester pregnancy until months postpartum. A convenient sample 256 pregnant women aged 19–40 years was recruited Sharjah, Dubai Ajman in United Arab Emirates. Results Amongst mothers' characteristics, nationality, pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity, higher gestational weight gain lower physical activity found increase likelihood being overweight at 6, 12 Exclusive breastfeeding positively correlated with reduced odds (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.81). Breastfeeding up 6 introduction solid foods after associated old 4, 1.1–14.6; aOR 2.97, 1.09–8.08, respectively). Conclusion findings spotlight influence growth. asserts need evidence‐based programmes targeting mothers promote optimal practices foster healthy child

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in subsequent pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study

Hepatology International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 367 - 376

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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