Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Sweden — First findings of novel fluorinated copolymers in Europe including temporal analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 846, P. 157406 - 157406

Published: July 16, 2022

Thousands of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are on the global market, while only a minor proportion is monitored regularly in environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been suggested to be point source for PFAS environment due emission effluent sludge. In this study, 81 including two rarely studied perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide-based (FASA) copolymers were analyzed sludge samples understand usage society. Sludge (n = 28) collected at four WWTPs Sweden between 2004 2017. The total levels 79 measured 50 1124 ng/g d.w. All showed detectable both C8- C4-FASA-based copolymers. concentrations FASA-based proposed reported fluorinated side-chain equivalents (FSC eq.), order compare with other neutral anionic PFAS, as no authentic standards available. 1.4 22 ng FSC eq./g A general predomination precursor intermediate compounds was observed. lower contribution carboxylic acids noted more influenced by domestic when compared industrial emission. An overall declining trend concentration seen years present study observed shift from C8-based chemistry toward shorter chain lengths, included C8-FASA-based copolymer over entire period. These findings further demonstrate occurrence that useful matrix reflect society potential environmental exposure.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater surveillance for viral pathogens: A tool for public health

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. e33873 - e33873

Published: June 29, 2024

A focus on water quality has intensified globally, considering its critical role in sustaining life and ecosystems. Wastewater, reflecting societal development, profoundly impacts public health. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged as a surveillance tool for detecting outbreaks early, monitoring infectious disease trends, providing real-time insights, particularly vulnerable communities. WBE aids tracking pathogens, including viruses, sewage, offering comprehensive understanding of community health lifestyle habits. With the rise global COVID-19 cases, gained prominence, aiding SARS-CoV-2 levels worldwide. Despite advancements treatment, poorly treated wastewater discharge remains threat, amplifying spread water-, sanitation-, hygiene (WaSH)-related diseases. WBE, serving complementary surveillance, is pivotal community-level viral infections. However, there untapped potential to expand surveillance. This review emphasizes importance link between health, highlighting need further integration into management.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater to clinical case (WC) ratio of COVID-19 identifies insufficient clinical testing, onset of new variants of concern and population immunity in urban communities

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 853, P. 158547 - 158547

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Clinical testing has been the cornerstone of public health monitoring and infection control efforts in communities throughout COVID-19 pandemic. With anticipated reduction clinical as disease moves into an endemic state, SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance (WWS) will have greater value important diagnostic tool. An in-depth analysis understanding metrics derived from WWS is required to interpret utilize WWS-acquired data effectively (McClary-Gutierrez et al., 2021; O'Keeffe, 2021). In this study, signal cases (WC) ratio was investigated across seven cities Canada over periods ranging 8 21 months. This work demonstrates that significant increases WC occurred when eligibility modified appointment-only testing, identifying a period insufficient (resulting access number daily tests) these communities, despite signal. Furthermore, decreased significantly 6 7 studied locations, serving potential emergence Alpha variant concern (VOC) relatively non-immunized community (40-60 % allelic proportion), while more muted decrease signaled Delta VOC well-immunized proportion). Finally, Omicron VOC, likely because variant's effectiveness at evading immunity, leading new reported cases, even immunity high. The ratio, used additional metric, could complement case counts signals individual its ability identify epidemiological occurrences, adding technology during pandemic for future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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The Inhibition and Variability of Two Different RT-qPCR Assays Used for Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater

Food and Environmental Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 71 - 81

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Faecal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent detection in wastewater turned the spotlight onto wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for monitoring coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. WBE SARS-CoV-2 has been deployed 70 countries, providing insights into disease prevalence, forecasting spatiotemporal tracking emergence variants. Wastewater, however, is a complex sample matrix containing numerous reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) inhibitors whose concentration diversity are influenced by factors including population size, surrounding industry agriculture climate. Such differences RT-qPCR inhibitor profile likely to impact quality data produced potentially produce erroneous results.To help determine possible assay on quality, two assays employed different laboratories within UK's programme were assessed Cefas laboratory Weymouth, UK. The based Fast Virus (FV) qScript (qS) chemistries using same primers probes, but at concentrations under cycling conditions. Bovine serum albumin MgSO4 also added FV reaction mixture. Two-hundred eighty-six samples analysed, an external control RNA (EC RNA)-based method was used measure inhibition. Compared with qS, showed 40.5% reduction mean inhibition 57.0% inter-sample variability. A 4.1-fold increase quantification seen relative qS; partially due (1.5-fold) efficiency use dsDNA standard. Analytical variability reduced 51.2% while qS increased number negative 2.6-fold. This study indicates importance thorough optimisation RT-qPCR-based which should be performed selection representative physiochemical properties wastewater. Furthermore, inhibition, analytical key considerations during optimisation. standardised framework validation procedures formed concessions emergency response situations that would allow flexibility process address difficult balance between urgency availability resources.

Language: Английский

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Anthelmintic resistance in soil-transmitted helminths: One-Health considerations

Parasitology Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The One-Health approach recognizes the intricate connection between human, animal, and environmental health, that cooperative effort from various professionals provides comprehensive awareness potential solutions for issues relating to health of people, animals, environment. This has increasingly gained appeal as standard strategy tackling emerging infectious diseases, most which are zoonoses. Treatment with anthelmintics (AHs) without a doubt minimizes severe consequences soil-transmitted helminths (STHs); however, evidence anthelmintic resistance (AR) development different practically every animal species distinct groups AHs is overwhelming globally. In this regard, correlation application drugs in both human populations consequent STHs within context framework explored. review an overview major STHs, treatment AR drug-related factors contributing towards AR, outline some strategies may be used combating AR.

Language: Английский

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Mpox virus detection in the wastewater and the number of hospitalized patients in the Poznan metropolitan area, Poland

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 75 - 77

Published: May 16, 2023

Wastewater-based epidemiology can determine the scale of a mpox epidemic and thus is promising additional tool that complete data gathered by clinical monitoring approach predict more accurately development progress current outbreak.We collected daily average samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WTPs): Central Left-Bank, in Poznan, Poland July to December 2022. The DNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction compared with number hospitalizations.We WTP weeks 29, 43, 47 Left-Bank mostly mid-September till end October. A total 22 patients were reported public health authority 2022, highest hospitalized individuals mid-July mid-August. virus detection does not correlate hospitalizations Poland.Our results suggest underestimated, many virus-infected are identified authority.

Language: Английский

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A scoping review of human pathogens detected in untreated human wastewater and sludge

Journal of Water and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 436 - 449

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Abstract Wastewater monitoring is an approach to identify the presence or abundance of pathogens within a population. The objective this scoping review (ScR) was and characterize research on human antimicrobial resistance detected in untreated wastewater sludge. A search conducted up March 2023 standard ScR methodology followed. This included 1,722 articles, which 56.5% were published after emergence COVID-19. Viruses bacteria commonly investigated, while protozoa, helminths, fungi infrequent. Articles prior 2019 dominated by transmitted through fecal–oral waterborne pathways, whereas more recent articles have explored detection other pathways such as respiratory vector-borne. There variation sampling, samples, sample processing across studies. current evidence suggests that could be applied range public health tool detect emerging pathogen understand burden spread disease inform decision-making. Further development refinement methods interpret signals for different prioritized are needed develop standards when, why, how monitor effectively.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Canada

FACETS, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 1493 - 1597

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA is a relatively recent adaptation of long-standing wastewater infectious and other harmful agents. Individuals infected with COVID-19 were found to shed in their faeces. Researchers around the world confirmed that fragments could be detected quantified community wastewater. Canadian academic researchers, largely as volunteer initiatives, reported proof-of-concept by April 2020. National collaboration was initially facilitated Water Network. Many public health officials skeptical about actionable information being provided even though experience has shown pandemic no single, perfect approach. Rather, different approaches provide insights, each its own strengths limitations. Public science must triangulate among forms evidence maximize understanding what happening or may expected. Well-conceived, resourced, implemented wastewater-based platforms can cost-effective approach support conventional lines evidence. Sustaining monitoring future disease targets states challenge. Canada benefit from taking lessons learned develop forward-looking interpretive frameworks capacity implement, adapt, expand such capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Campus node-based wastewater surveillance enables COVID-19 case localization and confirms lower SARS-CoV-2 burden relative to the surrounding community

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 120469 - 120469

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has been established as a powerful tool that can guide health policy at multiple levels of government. However, this approach not well assessed more granular scales, including large work sites such University campuses. Between August 2021 and April 2022, we explored the occurrence SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater using qPCR assays from complimentary sewer catchments residential buildings spanning Calgary's campus how compared to municipal treatment plant servicing campus. Real-time contact tracing data was used evaluate an association between burden clinically confirmed cases assess potential WBS for disease monitoring across worksites. Concentrations N1 N2 varied significantly six sampling - regardless several normalization strategies with certain consistently demonstrating values 1-2 orders higher than others. Relative clinical identified specific sewersheds, provided one-week leading indicator. Additionally, our comprehensive strategy enabled estimation total per capita, which lower surrounding community (p≤0.001). Allele-specific variants were representative large, no time did emerging first debut on This study demonstrates be efficiently applied locate hotspots activity very scale, predict complex

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous detection and characterization of common respiratory pathogens in wastewater through genomic sequencing

Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 121612 - 121612

Published: April 13, 2024

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has given insight into the evolution and epidemiology virus its variant lineages during COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding this approach to include a range respiratory pathogens can better inform public health preparedness for potential outbreaks epidemics. Here, we simultaneously sequenced 38 including influenza viruses, coronaviruses bocaviruses, examine abundance seasonality in urban wastewater. We deployed targeted bait capture method short-read sequencing (Illumina Respiratory Virus Oligos Panel; RVOP) on composite wastewater samples from 8 treatment plants (WWTPs) one associated hospital site. By combining seasonal sampling with whole genome sequencing, were able concurrently detect characterise common pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus parainfluenza virus. demonstrated that be detected at low abundances year-round, pathogen diversity is higher winter vs. summer events, significantly more viruses are raw influent compared treated effluent samples. Finally, detection sensitivity RT-qPCR next generation enteroviruses, A/B, syncytial viruses. conclude both should used combination; allowed accurate quantification, whilst genomic lower abundance. demonstrate valuable role contribution field wastewater-based epidemiology, gaining rapid understanding presence persistence pathogens. monitoring trends early warning signs many circulating communities, agencies implement prevention response plans.

Language: Английский

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