Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: July 6, 2020
Abstract
Apple
bitter
rot
caused
by
Colletotrichum
species
is
a
growing
problem
worldwide.
spp.
are
economically
important
but
taxonomically
un-resolved.
Identification
of
critical
due
to
potential
species-level
differences
in
pathogenicity-related
characteristics.
A
400-isolate
collection
from
New
York
apple
orchards
were
morphologically
assorted
two
groups,
C.
acutatum
complex
(
CASC
)
and
gloeosporioides
CGSC
).
sub-sample
44
representative
isolates,
spanning
the
geographical
distribution
varieties,
assigned
based
on
multi-locus
phylogenetic
analyses
nrITS,
GAPDH
TUB2
for
,
ITS,
GAPDH,
CAL,
ACT,
TUB2,
APN2,
ApMat
GS
genes
.
The
dominant
was
fioriniae
followed
chrysophilum
novel
species,
noveboracense
described
this
study.
This
study
represents
first
report
as
pathogens
apple.
We
assessed
enzyme
activity
fungicide
sensitivity
isolates
identified
York.
All
showed
amylolytic,
cellulolytic
lipolytic,
not
proteolytic
activity.
highest
cellulase
lowest
lipase
activity,
while
had
amylase
Fungicide
assays
that
sensitive
benzovindiflupyr
thiabendazole,
fludioxonil,
pyraclostrobin
difenoconazole.
pathogenic
fruit
with
varying
lesion
sizes.
Our
findings
differing
characteristics
among
three
demonstrate
importance
accurate
identification
any
downstream
investigations
major
regions.
Fungal Diversity,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
97(1), P. 1 - 136
Published: July 1, 2019
Fungi
are
an
understudied,
biotechnologically
valuable
group
of
organisms.
Due
to
the
immense
range
habitats
that
fungi
inhabit,
and
consequent
need
compete
against
a
diverse
array
other
fungi,
bacteria,
animals,
have
developed
numerous
survival
mechanisms.
The
unique
attributes
thus
herald
great
promise
for
their
application
in
biotechnology
industry.
Moreover,
can
be
grown
with
relative
ease,
making
production
at
scale
viable.
search
fungal
biodiversity,
construction
living
collection,
both
incredible
economic
potential
locating
organisms
novel
industrial
uses
will
lead
products.
This
manuscript
reviews
fifty
ways
which
potentially
utilized
as
biotechnology.
We
provide
notes
examples
each
exploitation
give
from
our
own
work
notable
researchers.
also
flow
chart
used
convince
funding
bodies
importance
biotechnological
research
provided
world
penicillin,
lovastatin,
globally
significant
medicines,
they
remain
untapped
resource
enormous
potential.
IMA Fungus,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: July 10, 2020
True
fungi
(Fungi)
and
fungus-like
organisms
(e.g.
Mycetozoa,
Oomycota)
constitute
the
second
largest
group
of
based
on
global
richness
estimates,
with
around
3
million
predicted
species.
Compared
to
plants
animals,
have
simple
body
plans
often
morphologically
ecologically
obscure
structures.
This
poses
challenges
for
accurate
precise
identifications.
Here
we
provide
a
conceptual
framework
identification
fungi,
encouraging
approach
integrative
(polyphasic)
taxonomy
species
delimitation,
i.e.
combination
genealogy
(phylogeny),
phenotype
(including
autecology),
reproductive
biology
(when
feasible).
allows
objective
evaluation
diagnostic
characters,
either
phenotypic
or
molecular
both.
Verification
identifications
is
crucial
but
neglected.
Because
clade-specific
evolutionary
histories,
there
currently
no
single
tool
although
DNA
barcoding
using
internal
transcribed
spacer
(ITS)
remains
first
diagnosis,
particularly
in
metabarcoding
studies.
Secondary
barcodes
are
increasingly
implemented
groups
where
ITS
does
not
sufficient
precision.
Issues
pairwise
sequence
similarity-based
OTU
clustering
discussed,
multiple
alignment-based
phylogenetic
approaches
subsequent
verification
recommended
as
more
alternatives.
In
approaches,
trade-off
between
speed
accuracy
precision
must
be
carefully
considered.
Intragenomic
variation
other
markers
should
properly
documented,
phylotype
diversity
necessarily
proxy
richness.
Important
strategies
improve
are:
(1)
broadly
document
intraspecific
intragenomic
markers;
(2)
substantially
expand
repositories,
focusing
undersampled
clades
missing
taxa;
(3)
curation
labels
primary
repositories
increase
number
sequences
verified
material;
(4)
link
data
digital
information
voucher
specimens
including
imagery.
parallel,
technological
improvements
genome
sequencing
offer
promising
alternatives
future.
Despite
prevalence
DNA-based
fungal
taxonomy,
phenotype-based
remain
an
important
strategy
catalog
establish
initial
hypotheses.
Studies in Mycology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
86(1), P. 99 - 216
Published: March 1, 2017
Genera
of
Phytopathogenic
Fungi
(GOPHY)
is
introduced
as
a
new
series
publications
in
order
to
provide
stable
platform
for
the
taxonomy
phytopathogenic
fungi.
This
first
paper
focuses
on
21
genera
fungi:
Bipolaris
,
Boeremia
Calonectria
Ceratocystis
Cladosporium
Colletotrichum
Coniella
Curvularia
Monilinia
Neofabraea
Neofusicoccum
Pilidium
Pleiochaeta
Plenodomus
Protostegia
Pseudopyricularia
Puccinia
Saccharata
Thyrostroma
Venturia
and
Wilsonomyces
.
For
each
genus,
morphological
description
information
about
its
pathology,
distribution,
hosts
disease
symptoms
are
provided.
In
addition,
this
linked
primary
secondary
DNA
barcodes
presently
accepted
species,
relevant
literature.
Moreover,
several
novelties
introduced,
i.e.
genera,
species
combinations,
neo-,
lecto-
epitypes
designated
taxonomy.
includes
one
26
ten
four
typifications
older
names.
