Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(10), P. 726 - 749

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast current level investment their development, particularly fields natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry modes action are desperately needed worldwide tackle public health menace posed antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint substantially improve ability discover develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term long-term solutions overcome most urgent limitations various sectors research funding, aiming bridge gap between academic, industrial political stakeholders, unite interdisciplinary expertise order efficiently fuel translational pipeline benefit future generations.

Language: Английский

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FungalTraits: a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 196 - 208

Published: Jan. 4, 2021

Abstract An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition fermented foods describe their role the human diet. Although these have been consumed thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related use term ‘fermented’ led define beverages as “foods made through desired microbial growth enzymatic conversions food components”. This definition, encompassing many varieties foods, is intended clarify what (and not) food. distinction between probiotics further clarified. also addressed current state knowledge on safety, risks health benefits, including an assessment nutritional attributes mechanistic rationale how could improve gastrointestinal general health. latest advancements our understanding ecology systems biology were discussed. Finally, reviewed regulated discussed efforts include them separate category national dietary guidelines.

Language: Английский

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Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation

Mycosphere, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 2678 - 2754

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Traditionally, fungal taxonomy was based on observable phenotypic characters.Recent advances have driven taxonomic conclusions towards DNA-based approaches and these techniques corresponding pros cons.Species concepts must therefore rely incorporated of genotypic, physiological characters chemotaxonomy.Examination interpretation morphological however vary from person to person.Standardized procedures are used in the study fungi general practices herein outlined.It is not possible detail all for thus, this paper emphasizes microfungi.Specimen collection initial step any

Language: Английский

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Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?

IMA Fungus, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 10, 2020

True fungi (Fungi) and fungus-like organisms (e.g. Mycetozoa, Oomycota) constitute the second largest group of based on global richness estimates, with around 3 million predicted species. Compared to plants animals, have simple body plans often morphologically ecologically obscure structures. This poses challenges for accurate precise identifications. Here we provide a conceptual framework identification fungi, encouraging approach integrative (polyphasic) taxonomy species delimitation, i.e. combination genealogy (phylogeny), phenotype (including autecology), reproductive biology (when feasible). allows objective evaluation diagnostic characters, either phenotypic or molecular both. Verification identifications is crucial but neglected. Because clade-specific evolutionary histories, there currently no single tool although DNA barcoding using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) remains first diagnosis, particularly in metabarcoding studies. Secondary barcodes are increasingly implemented groups where ITS does not sufficient precision. Issues pairwise sequence similarity-based OTU clustering discussed, multiple alignment-based phylogenetic approaches subsequent verification recommended as more alternatives. In approaches, trade-off between speed accuracy precision must be carefully considered. Intragenomic variation other markers should properly documented, phylotype diversity necessarily proxy richness. Important strategies improve are: (1) broadly document intraspecific intragenomic markers; (2) substantially expand repositories, focusing undersampled clades missing taxa; (3) curation labels primary repositories increase number sequences verified material; (4) link data digital information voucher specimens including imagery. parallel, technological improvements genome sequencing offer promising alternatives future. Despite prevalence DNA-based fungal taxonomy, phenotype-based remain an important strategy catalog establish initial hypotheses.

Language: Английский

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Growing a circular economy with fungal biotechnology: a white paper

Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 2, 2020

Abstract Fungi have the ability to transform organic materials into a rich and diverse set of useful products provide distinct opportunities for tackling urgent challenges before all humans. Fungal biotechnology can advance transition from our petroleum-based economy bio-based circular has sustainably produce resilient sources food, feed, chemicals, fuels, textiles, construction, automotive transportation industries, furniture beyond. offers solutions securing, stabilizing enhancing food supply growing human population, while simultaneously lowering greenhouse gas emissions. has, thus, potential make significant contribution climate change mitigation meeting United Nation’s sustainable development goals through rational improvement new established fungal cell factories. The White Paper presented here is result 2nd Think Tank held by EUROFUNG consortium in Berlin October 2019. This paper highlights discussions on current research aims inform scientists, educators, general public, industrial stakeholders policymakers about biotech revolution.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 421 - 445

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants highlighting key neglected underutilized species (NUS), we attempt unlock plant resources explore role fungi, which along with wealth traditional knowledge about their uses practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection environment continued delivery its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range user communities, including scientists, conservation development organizations, policymakers, public importance biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As world's population increasing, humanity facing both shortages (hunger) excesses (obesity) calorie nutrient intakes. fundamental addressing this double challenge, involves far understanding resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 species, in broad taxonomic sense, includes 7,014 vascular plants. striking contrast small handful crops provide majority humanity's intake. Most these have additional uses, most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), environmental (40%). Species major display centers diversity, as previously proposed, rest follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly total higher richness lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation Nature Red List assessments 30% plants, ca. 86% them conserved ex situ. However, 11% those recorded threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS from different regions world, be more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, how fungi diversify increase nutritional value our diets. NUS, offer largely untapped resource agriculture. natural unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders vital.

Language: Английский

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Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 100(1), P. 5 - 277

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations new taxa, as well providing information taxa worldwide. This article 11th contribution to series, in which 126 distributed two phyla, six classes, 24 orders 55 families are described illustrated. Taxa this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi also China, India Thailand, some other European, North American South countries. present include families, 12 genera, 82 species, five combinations 25 records on hosts geographical distributions sexual-asexual reports. The Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis ) Fasciatisporaceae ( Xylariales , Sordariomycetes). twelve genera comprise Bhagirathimyces Phaeosphaeriaceae ), Camporesiomyces Tubeufiaceae Eriocamporesia Cryphonectriaceae Eriomyces Neomonodictys Pleurotheciaceae Paraloratospora Paramonodictys Parabambusicolaceae Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus Pseudomurilentithecium Lentitheciaceae Setoapiospora Muyocopronaceae Srinivasanomyces Vibrisseaceae Xenoanthostomella ). species Acremonium chiangraiense Adustochaete nivea Angustimassarina camporesii himalayensis Brunneoclavispora Camarosporidiella mali Camposporium appendiculatum multiseptatum septatum Canalisporium aquaticium Clonostachys eriocamporesiana eriocamporesii Colletotrichum hederiicola Coniochaeta vineae Conioscypha verrucosa Cortinarius ainsworthii aurae britannicus heatherae scoticus subsaniosus Cytospora fusispora rosigena Diaporthe nigra Diatrypella yunnanensis Dictyosporium muriformis Didymella Diutina bernali sipiczkii aurantia heveae Ernakulamia tanakae Falciformispora uttaraditensis Fasciatispora cocoes Foliophoma Fuscostagonospora Helvella subtinta Kalmusia erioi Keissleriella camporesiana Lanspora cylindrospora Loratospora arezzoensis Mariannaea atlantica Melanographium phoenicis Montagnula Neodidymelliopsis Neokalmusia kunmingensis Neoleptosporella Neomyrmecridium guizhouense Neosetophoma solitarius Periconia palmicola Plenodomus triseptatus Pseudocamarosporium Pseudocercospora maetaengensis Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense punctiforme Pseudodactylaria Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis Pseudotruncatella Rhexocercosporidium senecionis Rhytidhysteron Septoriella thailandica kangrensis Tetraploa dwibahubeeja pseudoaristata thrayabahubeeja Torula Tremateia lamiacearum Uzbekistanica pruni Verruconis mangrovei Wilcoxina verruculosa chromolaenae Xenodidymella . patagoniensis vaccinia lycopodiellae gahniae microsporum 22 host distribution Arthrinium marii Ascochyta medicaginicola pisi Astrocystis bambusicola pellucidum Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis foeniculina macrostoma Diplodia mutila seriata Heterosphaeria patella Hysterobrevium constrictum ranunculi Neovaginatispora fuckelii Nothophoma quercina Occultibambusa bambusae Phaeosphaeria chinensis Pseudopestalotiopsis theae Pyxine berteriana sasicola gaodangensis Wojnowiciella dactylidis In addition, sexual morphs Dissoconium eucalypti Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum reported Laurus nobilis Yucca gloriosa Italy, respectively. holomorph cynaroidis for first time.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma as biocontrol agent against pests: New uses for a mycoparasite

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 104634 - 104634

Published: April 22, 2021

Insects are the main pest in agricultural systems, causing significant losses crop productivity and storage. During last decades control of insects has been carried out through uncontrolled massive use chemical insecticides, very harmful to environment health, which requires development new efficient safe alternatives. Numerous fungal species have described as entomopathogens insect pests, well plant endophytic fungi. In this sense, Trichoderma is a genus filamentous fungi widely studied used biocontrol agent agriculture on pathogenic due its ability parasitize them (mycoparasitism), among other mechanisms action. recent years, possibility using for considered, both directly indirectly. The studies date reported that capable controlling parasitism production insecticidal secondary metabolites, antifeedant compounds repellent metabolites. And indirectly activation systemic defensive responses, attraction natural enemies or insect-symbiotic microorganisms. Therefore, not only effective against pathogens, but also representing future alternative sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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In honor of John Bissett: authoritative guidelines on molecular identification of Trichoderma

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(1), P. 1 - 69

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Abstract Modern taxonomy has developed towards the establishment of global authoritative lists species that assume standardized principles recognition, at least in a given taxonomic group. However, fungi, delimitation is frequently subjective because it depends on choice concept and criteria selected by taxonomist. Contrary to it, identification fungal expected be accurate precise should predict properties are required for applications or relevant pathology. The industrial plant-beneficial fungi from genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales) offer suitable model address this collision between identification. A few decades ago, diversity was limited dozen species. introduction molecular evolutionary methods resulted exponential expansion taxonomy, with up 50 new recognized per year. Here, we have reviewed genus-wide compiled complete inventory all DNA barcoding material deposited public databases (the available website International Subcommission Taxonomy www.trichoderma.info ). Among 375 valid names as July 2020, 361 (96%) been cultivated vitro barcoded. Thus, protocol requires analysis three barcodes (ITS, tef1 , rpb2 ), supported online tools www.trichokey.info . We then used whole-genome sequenced (WGS) strains provide versatile practical examples identification, reveal shortcomings, discuss possible ambiguities. Based example, study shows why an intricate laborious task background mycology, biological skills, training analysis, knowledge literature. in-depth discussion concepts applied conclude these particularly implementation polyphasic approach first introduced John Bissett (1948–2020), whose work inspired current study. also propose regulatory unifying role international commissions particular groups. An important outcome demonstration urgent need cooperation researchers get prepared efficient use upcoming wave genomic data.

Language: Английский

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