Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 4 - 14

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Language: Английский

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Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutations, impact, challenges and possible solutions

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5)

Published: May 4, 2022

Since commencement of COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged amid containment efforts via vaccination. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2), discovered in October 2020, was designated as a VOC by the WHO on May 11, 2021. enhanced transmissibility has been associated with critical mutations such D614G, L452R, P681R, and T478K S-protein. increased affinity S-protein ACE2 postulated key reason for decreased vaccine efficacy. As per evidence, possesses efficacy compared to other VOCs like Alpha Beta. This led concerns regarding acquisition novel outbreaks vulnerable communities, including vaccinated people. In this mini-review variant, we explained its evolution characteristics, impact spike infectivity immune evasion, measures combat future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Insights, Epidemiological Tracking, and Implications for Vaccine Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1263 - 1263

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly impacted the global response to COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines genetic diversity variants, their roles in epidemiological tracking, and influence on viral fitness. Variants concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron have demonstrated increased transmissibility, altered pathogenicity, potential resistance neutralizing antibodies. Epidemiological tracking these is crucial for understanding spread, informing public health interventions, guiding vaccine development. also explores how specific mutations spike protein other genomic regions contribute fitness, affecting replication efficiency, immune escape, transmission dynamics. By integrating surveillance data with clinical findings, this provides a comprehensive overview ongoing evolution its implications strategies new

Language: Английский

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mRNA Vaccines Against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Novel Ionizable Lipids

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(39)

Published: July 19, 2022

Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are now still challenging all the approved vaccines, including mRNA vaccines. There is an urgent need to develop new generation vaccines with more powerful efficacy and better safety against variants. In this study, a set of ionizable lipids named 4N4T constructed applied form novel lipid nanoparticles called 4N4T‐LNPs. Leading 4N4T‐LNPs exhibit much higher translation efficiency than SM‐102‐LNPs. To test effectiveness delivery system, DS encoding full‐length S protein variant synthesized loaded in The obtained 4N4T‐DS successfully trigger robust durable humoral immune responses its Delta Omicron. Importantly, have RBD‐specific IgG titers neutralizing antibody SM‐102‐based vaccine. Besides, for first time, types vaccine‐induced antibodies found be influenced by chemical structure lipids. also induce strong Th1‐skewed T cell good safety. This work provides vehicle that effective LNPs shows application

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 journey: from alpha variant to omicron and its sub-variants

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 767 - 786

Published: March 30, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected hundreds of millions individuals and caused more than six million deaths. prolonged duration the continual inter-individual transmissibility have contributed to emergence a wide variety SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genomic surveillance phylogenetic studies shown that substantial mutations in crucial supersites spike glycoprotein modulate binding affinity evolved SARS-COV-2 lineages ACE2 receptors modify protein with neutralizing antibodies. immunological been associated differential transmissibility, infectivity, therapeutic efficacy vaccines therapies among new This review highlights diverse genetic assimilated various implications acquired related viral transmission, severity are discussed. also addresses effectiveness human antibodies induced by infection or immunization against ascended

Language: Английский

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Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Epidemiological Impact and Clinical Consequences

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 919 - 919

Published: June 9, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that belongs to the family and cause of disease 2019 (COVID-19). As May 2022, it had caused more than 500 million infections 6 deaths worldwide. Several vaccines have been produced tested over last two years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, on other hand, has mutated time, resulting in genetic variation population circulating variants during COVID-19 pandemic. It also shown immune-evading characteristics, suggesting vaccinations against these could be potentially ineffective. purpose this review article investigate key concern (VOCs) mutations driving current pandemic, as well explore transmission rates VOCs relation epidemiological factors compare virus's rate prior coronaviruses. We examined provided information study, including their transmissibility, infectivity rate, severity, affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors, viral load, reproduction number, vaccination effectiveness, vaccine breakthrough.

Language: Английский

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 Pandemic among the Public in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 2784 - 2784

Published: Feb. 27, 2022

Purpose: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) models are often used by researchers in the field of public health to explore people’s healthy behaviors. Therefore, this study mainly explored relationships among participants’ sociodemographic status, COVID-19 knowledge, affective attitudes, preventive Method: This adopted an online survey, involving a total 136 males 204 females, cross-sectional investigate between variables including gender, age, positive attitudes (emotional wellbeing, psychological social wellbeing), negative (negative self-perception perceptions life), behaviors (hygiene habits, reducing activities, helping others prevent epidemic). Results: The majority participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19. mean knowledge score was 12.86 (SD = 1.34, range: 7−15 with full 15), indicating high level knowledge. However, key decide whether adopt their especially (β 0.18−0.25, p< 0.01), rather than disease −0.01−0.08, p > 0.05). In addition, status revealed obvious differences behaviors; females had better such as cooperating epidemic prevention hygiene habits (t −5.08, activities −3.00, −1.97, 0.05), while older more inclined 0.18, 0.001, R2 0.03), 0.35, 0.13), 0.27, 0.07). Conclusions: Having adequate not linked higher involvement precautionary Attitudes toward may play critical function prompting individuals undertake behaviors, different predictive

Language: Английский

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Possible Application of Melatonin in Long COVID

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 1646 - 1646

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Clinical sequelae and symptoms for a considerable number of COVID-19 patients can linger months beyond the acute stage SARS-CoV-2 infection, “long COVID”. Among long-term consequences cognitive issues (especially memory loss or “brain fog”), chronic fatigue, myalgia, muscular weakness resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are importance. Melatonin may be particularly effective at reducing signs infection due to its functions as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory agent. is also chronobiotic medication in treating delirium restoring circadian imbalance seen COVID intensive care unit. Additionally, cytoprotector, melatonin aids prevention several comorbidities, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, ischemic non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review discusses application neuroprotective agent control deterioration (“brain fog”) pain ME/CFS syndrome-like documented long COVID. Further studies on therapeutic use neurological warranted.

Language: Английский

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Natural products as a source of novel drugs for treating SARS-CoV2 infection

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 1 - 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by beta-corona virus SARS-CoV2, has posed a global health threat causing more than five million of deaths in last two years world. Although often presents with mild cold-like symptoms, it may have lethal consequences following thromboembolisms, hyperinflammation and cytokine storm eventually leading to pulmonary fibrosis multiple organ failure. Despite progress made understanding SARS-CoV2 pathology clinical management viral illness is still concern since outbreaks continue resurge due emergence mutant variants that resist vaccines. Therefore, there an urgent need for therapeutics can block transmission progression from infection severe symptomatic illness. Natural products could be valuable source drugs COVID-19 disease, particularly because they act on multitargets through different mechanisms including inhibition biochemical pathways, epigenetic regulation gene expression, modulation immune response, pathophysiological stress response. Here we present overview natural possess antiviral activity potential benefit COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Genomic, immunological, and clinical analysis of COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infections in Beijing, China

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 2237 - 2249

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing and severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are circulating worldwide, an increasing number of breakthrough infections being detected despite good efficacy COVID-19 vaccines. Data on 88 cases (breakthrough group) 41 unvaccinated (unvaccinated from June 1 to August 22, 2021, were extracted a cloud database established at Beijing Ditan Hospital evaluate clinical, immunological, genomic characteristics infections. Among these 129 cases, 33 whole genomes successfully sequenced, which 23 Delta variants, including 15 group. Asymptomatic mild predominated in both groups, but two patients developed The median time viral shedding group was significantly lower than that (p = 0.003). In group, IgG titers showed trend 0.007), CD4 + T lymphocyte count elevated 0.018). For people infected with variant no significant difference observed either quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results or time. conclusion, among vaccinated patients, vaccine mainly asymptomatic mild, increased rose rapidly, shorter.

Language: Английский

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