The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 661 - 675

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common respiratory viruses. It not only affects young children but also elderly and immunocompromised patients. After emergence SARS-CoV-2 corona disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, a dramatic reduction in RSV activity was found, which coincided with implementation public health social measures (PHSMs). However, correlation more complicated than we initially thought. PHSMs were gradually lifted, seasonality shift delayed outbreak greater number infected patients found numerous countries, such as Israel, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, France, United States, Japan. Several hypotheses possible reasons explaining interaction between mentioned. Since vaccinations are still under investigation, administration palivizumab should be considered high-risk In post-COVID-19 attention paid to further resurgence RSV. this narrative review, conducted thorough review current knowledge on epidemiology during COVID-19 out-of-season RSV, data co-infection SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the global hospitalisation burden of respiratory syncytial virus in young children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 361 - 374

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and associated outcomes of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 29 - 36

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of influenza co-infection in COVID-19 patients and investigate its association with severe clinical outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched Web Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI for studies published between January 1, 2020 May 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed to pooled impact on outcomes. Systematic review registered PROSPERO (CRD42023423113).ResultsA total 95 involving 62,107 were included. virus 2.45% (95% CI: 1.67%-3.58%), a high proportion A. Compared mono-infected (COVID-19 only), odds ratio (OR) outcomes (including Intensive Care Unit admission (OR = 2.20, 95% 1.68-2.87, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation support 2.73, 1.46-5.10, 0.002), mortality 2.92, 1.16-7.30, 0.022)) significantly higher among co-infected A.ConclusionAlthough is low, are at risk Enhanced identification both viruses, as well individualized treatment protocols co-infection, recommended reduce occurrence serious disease future.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 316 - 316

Published: April 12, 2024

Respiratory viral coinfections are a global public health threat that poses an economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare infrastructure. Viruses may coinfect interact synergistically or antagonistically, their coinfection not affect replication rate. These interactions specific to different virus combinations, which underlines the importance of understanding mechanisms behind these differential need for novel diagnostic methods accurately identify multiple viruses causing disease in patient avoid misdiagnosis. This review examines epidemiological patterns, pathology manifestations, immune response modulation respiratory combinations occur during using experimental models better understand dynamics takes driving outcomes severity, is crucial guide development prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Pediatric Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Experience

Children, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 126 - 126

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The overlap of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with other common respiratory pathogens may complicate the course and prognosis. aim study was to evaluate rates, characteristics, outcomes pediatric patients severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A/B infections, their coinfections. A single-center prospective cross-sectional performed at emergency department in Vilnius from 1 October 2021 30 April 2022. In total, 5127 children were screened for SARS-CoV-2, RSV, A/B. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests positive 21.0% (1074/5127). coinfection rate viruses (RSV, A) COVID-19 7.2% (77/1074). Among 4053 negative patients, RSV diagnosed 405 (10.0%) 827 (20.4%) patients. Patients did not have a more clinical than those or infection alone. primarily affected younger (up years), while older (4-10 years). infected severely ill, reflected by higher hospitalization proportion need support.

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors Associated with Severe RSV Infection in Infants: What Is the Role of Viral Co-Infections?

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: May 22, 2023

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the leading cause of viral lower tract infections (LRTI) in children worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity mortality rates. clinical picture an RSV infection differs substantially between patients, role co-infections poorly investigated. During two consecutive winter seasons from October 2018 until February 2020, we prospectively included up to 2 years old presenting acute LRTI, both ambulatory hospitalized. We collected data tested nasopharyngeal secretions for a panel 16 different viruses multiplex RT-qPCR. Disease severity was assessed traditional parameters scoring systems. A total 120 patients were included, which 91.7% positive; 42.5% RSV-positive had co-infection at least one other virus. found that suffering single higher pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission rates (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.53 22.74), longer duration hospitalization (IRR 1.25, 1.03 1.52), Bronchiolitis Risk Admission Score (BRAS) 1.31, 1.02 1.70) compared co-infections. No difference saturation on admission, O2 need, or ReSViNET-score. In our cohort, increased disease This suggests presence might influence course bronchiolitis, but heterogeneity small sample size study prevents us drawing strong conclusions. IMPORTANCE serious airway infections. Up 90% will be infected by age 2. symptoms are mostly mild typically mimic common cold older adolescents, younger can develop severe disease, currently it unclear why certain while others do not. this study, co-infections, suggesting could bronchiolitis. As preventive therapeutic options RSV-associated limited, finding potentially guide physicians decide benefit current future treatment early therefore, warrants further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Influenza and COVID-19 co-infection and vaccine effectiveness against severe cases: a mathematical modeling study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 4, 2024

Background Influenza A virus have a distinctive ability to exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection proven by in vitro studies. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that co-infection with COVID-19 and influenza not only increases mortality but also prolongs the hospitalization of patients. is small-scale recurrent epidemic, increasing likelihood co-epidemic seasonal influenza. The impact on population remains unstudied. Method Here, we developed an age-specific compartmental model simulate co-circulation estimate number co-infected patients under different scenarios prevalent type vaccine coverage. To decrease risk developing severity, investigated minimum coverage required for conjunction vaccine, particularly during seasons. Result Compared single transmission exhibits lower trend delayed peak when Number cases higher than B virus. as becomes more transmissible. As proportion individuals vaccinated vaccines increases, severe illnesses illness decreases time delayed, especially those &gt;60 years old. Conclusion minimize arising from COVID-19, vaccinations are important, priority elderly.

Language: Английский

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Global Coinfections with Bacteria, Fungi, and Respiratory Viruses in Children with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 380 - 380

Published: Nov. 15, 2022

Background: Coinfection with bacteria, fungi, and respiratory viruses has been described as a factor associated more severe clinical outcomes in children COVID-19. Such coinfections COVID-19 have reported to increase morbidity mortality. Objectives: To identify the type proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and/or viruses, investigate severity children. Methods: For this systematic review meta-analysis, we searched ProQuest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus, Nature through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines studies on incidence bacterial, fungal, coinfections, published from 1 December 2019 October 2022, English language restriction. Results: Of 169 papers that were identified, 130 articles included (57 cohort, 52 case report, 21 series studies) 34 (23 eight series, three report meta-analysis. 17,588 who tested co-pathogens, viral (n = 1633, 9.3%). The median patient age ranged 1.4 months 144 across studies. There was an increased male predominance pediatric patients diagnosed most (male gender: n 204, 59.1% compared female 141, 40.9%). majority cases belonged White (Caucasian) 441, 53.3%), Asian 205, 24.8%), Indian 71, 8.6%), Black 51, 6.2%) ethnicities. overall pooled proportions laboratory-confirmed had 4.73% (95% CI 3.86 5.60, 445, studies, I2 85%, p < 0.01), 0.98% 0.13 1.83, 17, six 49%, 0.08), 5.41% 4.48 6.34, 32 87%, respectively. Children ICU higher non-ICU patients, follows: (6.61%, 95% 5.06−8.17, 0% versus 5.31%, 4.31−6.30, 88%) fungal (1.72%, 0.45−2.99, 0.62%, 0.00−1.55, 54%); however, admitted lower bacterial coinfection group (3.02%, 1.70−4.34, 4.91%, 3.97−5.84, 87%). common identified virus bacterium RSV 342, 31.4%) Mycoplasma pneumonia 120, 23.1%). Conclusion: seem distinctly rates than adults. infected SARS-CoV-2. Knowledge confections potential diagnostic treatment implications

Language: Английский

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Safety and Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Coadministered with Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Adults

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2241 - 2258

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Vaccination is a critical tool for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza illnesses. Coadministration of the COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2, with seasonal inactivated vaccine (SIIV) can provide substantial benefits, including streamlining delivery. In this phase 3 study, healthy 18- to 64-year-olds who had received three previous doses BNT162b2 were randomized (1:1) coadministration group (month 0, + SIIV; month 1, placebo) or separate-administration placebo BNT162b2). The primary immunogenicity objective was demonstrate that immune responses elicited by SIIV [measured full-length S-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titers against four strains 1 post-vaccination, respectively] when coadministered noninferior those either administered alone, based on prespecified 1.5-fold noninferiority margin [lower bound 95% CI geometric mean ratio (GMR) > 0.67]. Reactogenicity adverse event (AE) rates evaluated. Randomized participants study vaccination (N = 1128; group, n 564; 564) median age 39 years. Model-adjusted GMRs separate administration 0.83 (95% 0.77, 0.89) IgG 0.89-1.00 (lower all CIs 0.67) HAI titers, endpoints achieving criterion. events mostly mild moderate SIIV. Serious AEs reported in < 1% within after any vaccination; none considered vaccine-related. alone an acceptable safety profile results support adults. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05310084.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology in Argentina: From COVID-19 Pandemic to the Maternal Immunization Strategy

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(2S), P. S23 - S26

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Introduction: Worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower tract infections (LRTIs) and hospital admissions among infants young children. The COVID-19 pandemic changed epidemiology clinical patterns viruses other than severe syndrome coronavirus 2. Argentina introduced RSV maternal vaccine in 2024. This multicenter study describes clinical-epidemiological profile hospitalized pediatric patients with LRTI associated Argentina, comparing pre- postpandemic periods, identifies independent predictors infection. Materials methods: prospective, included under 18 years old admitted for 5 tertiary centers before (2018–2019) after (2022–2023) COVID-19. Changes viral detection rates, seasonality, epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Indirect immunoassay or real-time polymerase chain reaction used virological diagnosis prepandemic postpandemic. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7. Results: A total 5838 cases (mean age: 9.5 months; interquartile range: 4–22 months), 96.6% tested detection, 66.4% positive (3877 cases). most prevalent virus, followed by parainfluenza influenza. Postpandemic, there a significant decrease prevalence an increase metapneumovirus infections. seasonality shifted 6 weeks forward In 2022, increased, displacing RSV, which recovered typical 2023 earlier onset. Viral coinfection occurred 17.2% cases. Globally, 71% 12 months (45.8%, <6 months); bronchiolitis common presentation (68.9%), cough (78.3%), distress (69.6%), rhinorrhea (65.9%) fever (64.7%) being symptoms. Nearly 44% had underlying conditions, 15.7% born preterm, 15% required intensive care 24% received empirical antibiotics. periods showed no age differences RSV-associated cases, but higher comorbidity prevalence, requirement antibiotic use Prematurity [odds ratio (OR): 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.5; P = 0.004], comorbidities (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.6–2; < 0.001) 1.6–2.1; Conclusions: primarily affected 1 year old. No found between comorbidities, increased requirements use. Prematurity, conditions infection patients.

Language: Английский

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