PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
19(11), P. e3001444 - e3001444
Published: Nov. 18, 2021
Glial
cells
are
essential
for
functionality
of
the
nervous
system.
Growing
evidence
underscores
importance
astrocytes;
however,
analogous
astroglia
in
peripheral
organs
poorly
understood.
Using
confocal
time-lapse
imaging,
fate
mapping,
and
mutant
genesis
a
zebrafish
model,
we
identify
neural
crest-derived
glial
cell,
termed
nexus
glia,
which
utilizes
Meteorin
signaling
via
Jak/Stat3
to
drive
differentiation
regulate
heart
rate
rhythm.
Nexus
glia
labeled
with
gfap,
glast,
glutamine
synthetase,
markers
that
typically
denote
cells.
Further,
analysis
single-cell
sequencing
datasets
human
murine
hearts
across
ages
reveals
astrocyte-like
cells,
confirm
through
multispecies
approach.
We
show
cardiac
at
outflow
tract
critical
regulators
both
sympathetic
parasympathetic
These
data
establish
crucial
role
on
homeostasis
provide
description
PNS.
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: May 10, 2023
The
cerebellum
operates
exploiting
a
complex
modular
organization
and
unified
computational
algorithm
adapted
to
different
behavioral
contexts.
Recent
observations
suggest
that
the
is
involved
not
just
in
motor
but
also
emotional
cognitive
processing.
It
therefore
critical
identify
specific
regional
connectivity
microcircuit
properties
of
cerebellum.
studies
are
highlighting
differential
localization
genes,
molecules,
synaptic
mechanisms
wiring.
However,
impact
these
differences
fully
understood
will
require
experimental
investigation
modeling.
This
review
focuses
on
cellular
circuit
underpinnings
cerebellar
role
emotion.
And
since
emotion
involves
an
integration
cognitive,
somatomotor,
autonomic
activity,
we
elaborate
tradeoff
between
segregation
distribution
three
main
functions
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: June 7, 2023
The
meticulous
control
of
cardiac
sympathetic
and
parasympathetic
tone
regulates
all
facets
function.
This
precise
calibration
efferent
innervation
is
dependent
on
sensory
information
that
relayed
from
the
heart
to
central
nervous
system.
vagus
nerve,
which
contains
vagal
afferent
fibers,
carries
brainstem.
Vagal
signaling
has
been
predominantly
shown
increase
response
tone.
However,
appears
change
after
injury,
though
much
remains
unknown.
Even
subsequent
autonomic
imbalance
characterized
by
sympathoexcitation
dysfunction,
it
unclear
if,
what
extent,
dysfunction
involved
in
development
withdrawal.
review
aims
summarize
current
understanding
under
health
setting
cardiovascular
disease,
especially
myocardial
infarction,
highlight
knowledge
gaps
remain
be
addressed.
Biological Psychology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
186, P. 108739 - 108739
Published: Dec. 25, 2023
Linchpin
to
the
entire
area
of
psychophysiological
research
and
discussion
vagus
is
respiratory
cardiovascular
phenomenon
known
as
sinus
arrhythmia
(RSA;
often
synonymous
with
high-frequency
heart-rate
variability
when
it
specifically
linked
frequency),
i.e.
rhythmic
fluctuations
in
heart
rate
synchronized
inspiration
expiration.
This
article
aims
1)
clarify
concepts,
terms
measures
commonly
employed
during
last
half
century
scientific
literature,
which
relate
vagal
function
psychological
processes
general
aspects
health;
2)
expand
upon
an
earlier
theoretical
model,
emphasizing
importance
RSA
well
beyond
current
focus
parasympathetic
mechanisms.
A
close
examination
its
relations
may
dispel
certain
held
beliefs
about
associations
between
functioning,
nervous
system
(for
nerve
plays
a
major
role),
offer
fresh
perspectives
likely
functions
adaptive
significance
RSA,
RSA's
relationship
control.
neither
invariably
reliable
index
cardiac
tone
nor
central
outflow
heart.
The
model
here
presented
posits
that
represents
evolutionarily
entrenched,
significantly
contributes
meeting
continuously
changing
metabolic,
energy
behavioral
demands.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 1028 - 1028
Published: March 27, 2023
Respiratory
sinus
arrhythmia
(RSA)
denotes
decrease
of
cardiac
beat-to-beat
intervals
(RRI)
during
inspiration
and
RRI
increase
expiration,
but
an
inverse
pattern
(termed
negative
RSA)
was
also
found
in
healthy
humans
with
elevated
anxiety.
It
detected
using
wave-by-wave
analysis
cardiorespiratory
rhythms
considered
to
reflect
a
strategy
anxiety
management
involving
the
activation
neural
pacemaker.
Results
were
consistent
slow
breathing,
contained
uncertainty
at
normal
breathing
rates
(0.2-0.4
Hz).We
combined
directed
information
flow
obtain
on
higher
rates.
We
analyzed
blood
oxygen
level-dependent
(BOLD)
signals
from
brainstem
cortex
10
fMRI
participants
anxiety.Three
subjects
respiratory,
RRI,
BOLD
oscillations
showed
57
±
26%
RSA
significant
reduction
by
54
9%.
Six
rate
~0.3
Hz
41
16%
weaker
reduction.
They
presented
respiration
middle
frontal
brainstem,
which
may
result
respiration-entrained
brain
oscillations,
indicating
another
strategy.The
two
analytical
approaches
applied
here
indicate
least
different
strategies
subjects.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
90, P. 102974 - 102974
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Subconscious
breathing
is
generated
by
a
network
of
brainstem
nodes
with
varying
purposes,
like
pacing
or
patterning
certain
breath
phase.
Decades
anatomy,
pharmacology,
and
physiology
studies
have
identified
characterized
the
system's
fundamental
properties
that
produce
robust
breathing,
we
now
well-conceived
computational
models
are
based
on
detailed
descriptions
neuronal
connectivity,
biophysical
properties,
functions
in
breathing.
In
total,
considerable
understanding
control
circuit.
But,
last
five
years,
utilization
molecular
genetic
approaches
to
study
neural
subtypes
within
each
node
has
led
new
era
circuit
research
explains
how
integrated
more
complex
behaviors
speaking
running
connected
other
physiological
systems
our
state-of-mind.
This
review
will
describe
basic
role
key
components
then
highlight
transformative
discoveries
broaden
these
brain
areas.
These
serve
illustrate
creativity
exciting
future
research.
