MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through base-pairing predominantly with a 3’-untranslated region of target mRNA, followed by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Totally, miRNAs change, through a complex regulatory network, the expression of more than 60% of human genes. MiRNAs are key regulators of the immune response that affect maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells, as well as antibody secretion and release of inflammatory mediators. Disruption of this regulation may lead to the development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmune inflammation. This review summarizes the data on biogenesis …
Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: June 14, 2019
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
systemic
autoimmune
disease
that
affects
about
1%
of
the
world's
population.
The
etiology
RA
remains
unknown.
It
considered
to
occur
in
presence
genetic
and
environmental
factors.
An
increasing
body
evidence
pinpoints
epigenetic
modifications
play
an
important
role
regulation
pathogenesis.
Epigenetics
causes
heritable
phenotype
changes
are
not
determined
by
DNA
sequence.
major
mechanisms
include
methylation,
histone
proteins
gene
expression
caused
microRNAs
other
noncoding
RNAs.
These
reversible
could
be
modulated
diet,
drugs
Specific
abnormal
RNAs
associated
with
have
already
been
identified.
This
review
focuses
on
these
multiple
factors
pathogenesis
progression
disease,
only
synovial
fibroblasts,
immune
cells,
but
also
peripheral
blood
patients
RA,
which
clearly
shows
their
high
diagnostic
potential
promising
targets
for
therapy
future.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(9), P. 4332 - 4332
Published: April 21, 2021
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
chronic,
immune-mediated
disease
and
the
leading
cause
of
disability
among
young
adults.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
are
involved
in
post-transcriptional
regulation
gene
expression.
Of
them,
miR-155
crucial
regulator
inflammation
plays
role
modulating
autoimmune
response
MS.
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
disruption
via
down-regulation
key
junctional
proteins
under
inflammatory
conditions.
It
drives
demyelination
processes
by
contributing
to,
e.g.,
microglial
activation,
polarization
astrocytes,
CD47
protein
affecting
transcription
factors.
has
huge
impact
on
development
neuropathic
pain
indirectly
influences
regulatory
T
(Treg)
cell
differentiation
alleviation
hypersensitivity.
This
review
also
focused
neuropsychiatric
symptoms
appearing
as
result
disease-associated
stressors,
brain
atrophy,
pro-inflammatory
Recent
studies
revealed
regulating
anxiety,
stress,
hippocampus,
treatment-resistant
depression.
Inhibition
expression
was
demonstrated
to
be
effective
preventing
pathophysiology
aimed
support
better
understanding
great
dysregulation
various
aspects
MS
highlight
future
perspectives
for
this
molecule.
Cell Cycle,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
16(14), P. 1345 - 1349
Published: June 28, 2017
Mounting
evidence
indicates
that
cancer
treatments
cause
numerous
deleterious
effects,
including
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
toxicity.
Chemotherapy-caused
CNS
side
effects
encompass
changes
in
cognitive
function,
memory,
and
attention,
to
name
a
few.
Although
chemotherapy
treatment-induced
occur
16-75%
of
all
patients,
the
mechanisms
these
are
not
well
understood.
We
have
recently
proposed
new
epigenetic
theory
chemo
brain
and,
pioneer
study,
determined
cytotoxic
agents
induce
oxidative
DNA
damage
affect
molecular
processes
brain,
may
be
associated
with
aging
processes.
In
this
paper,
we
discuss
implications
future
perspectives,
as
outline
potential
links
translational
research
opportunities.
Journal of Immunology Research,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
2018, P. 1 - 8
Published: June 7, 2018
Sjögren’s
syndrome
(SS)
or
sicca
was
described
by
Swedish
ophthalmologist
Sjögren
in
the
year
1933
for
first
time.
The
etiology
of
SS
is
multifunctional
and
includes
a
combination
genetic
predisposition
environmental
as
well
epigenetic
factors.
It
an
autoimmune
disease
characterized
features
systemic
autoimmunity,
dysfunction,
inflammation
exocrine
glands
(mainly
salivary
lacrimal
glands)
lymphocytic
infiltration
glands.
In
fact,
involvement
results
typical
dry
eye
dysfunction
(xerostomia).
Only
one-third
patients
also
present
extraglandular
manifestations.
T
cells
were
originally
considered
to
play
initiating
role
process,
while
B
restricted
autoantibody
production.
recent
years,
it
understood
that
roles
are
multiple.
Moreover,
autoantibodies
blood
cell
analysis
major
contributors
clinical
diagnosis
syndrome.
Recently,
there
has
been
rising
interest
microRNA
implication
autoimmunity.
Unfortunately,
date,
only
few
studies
have
investigated
their
participation
etiopathogenesis.
purpose
this
work
gather
data
literature
clarify
complex
topic.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 51 - 51
Published: Nov. 25, 2019
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
are
endogenous,
small
(18–23
nucleotides),
non-coding
RNA
molecules.
They
regulate
the
posttranscriptional
expression
of
their
target
genes.
MiRNAs
control
vital
physiological
processes
such
as
metabolism,
development,
differentiation,
cell
cycle
and
apoptosis.
The
gene
by
miRNAs
requires
efficient
binding
between
miRNA
mRNAs.
Genome-wide
association
studies
(GWASs)
have
suggested
single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
with
certain
diseases
in
various
populations.
Gene
sites
been
implicated
cancers,
diabetes,
cardiovascular
Parkinson’s
disease.
Likewise,
reported
to
be
associated
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
SNPs
genes
that
diabetes
atherosclerotic
disease
different
We
also
briefly
potential
underlining
mechanisms
through
which
these
increase
risk
developing
Acta Naturae,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 45 - 57
Published: July 27, 2021
The
epigenetic
mechanisms
of
gene
expression
regulation
are
a
group
the
key
cellular
and
molecular
pathways
that
lead
to
inherited
alterations
in
genes'
activity
without
changing
their
coding
sequence.
DNA
methylation
at
C5
position
cytosine
CpG
dinucleotides
is
amongst
central
mechanisms.
Currently,
number
studies
devoted
identification
patterns
specific
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
severe
chronic
autoimmune
disease
nervous
system,
on
rapid
rise.
However,
issue
contribution
development
different
clinical
phenotypes
this
highly
heterogeneous
has
only
begun
attract
attention
researchers.
This
review
summarizes
data
underlying
MS
risk
factors
can
affect
profile
and,
thereby,
modulate
genes
involved
disease's
pathogenesis.
focus
our
centered
analysis
published
differential
from
various
biological
samples
patients
obtained
using
both
candidate
approach
high-throughput
methods.
