Цель настоящей публикации - описание профориентационной деятельности, осуществляемой в системах школьного образования разных стран. Подобная работа в России, несмотря на огромный опыт ее осуществления в прошлом, сейчас испытывает серьезные сложности. Поэтому важно учитывать имеющиеся положительные результаты зарубежной практики в этой области, проецируя лучшие ее варианты на отечественную почву.
Методы и результаты. На основе сравнительного анализа информации из различных источников показана специфика профориентационной работы со школьниками в США, Канаде, Израиле, Франции, Великобритании, Германии, Дании, Швеции, Японии, Сингапуре, Китае и Индии. Автором предпринята попытка обобщить принципы организации психолого-педагогической и административной помощи в профессиональном самоопределении старшеклассников.
Научная новизна. Впервые сопоставлены подходы к профориентационной …
The Education and science journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
25(10), P. 45 - 75
Published: Dec. 13, 2023
Introduction.
The
intensification
of
socio-cultural
and
technological
transformations
contributes
to
the
constant
rethinking
career
guidance
practices
in
context
a
changing
perception
values
professions
by
modern
schoolchildren
formation
an
informed
choice
about
trajectory
their
professional
development.
Aim.
present
research
aims
analyse
forms
formats
activities
implemented
pedagogical
universities;
determine
most
effective
terms
increasing
motivation
interest
teaching
profession;
assess
level
awareness
teacher
profession
among
applicants.
Methodology
methods.
In
this
study,
problem
effectiveness
vocational
universities
is
considered
from
point
view
methodology
environmental
cultural
approaches,
which
presence
links
between
educational
space
as
influencing
factor
personality
development
social
system
under
impact
external
objective
factors.
current
empirical
study
was
based
on
mixed
design.
order
verify
triangulate
results
obtained
authors
carried
out
expert
assessment
representation
various
universities,
investigated
first-year
students.
sample
respondents
made
up
1,628
students
aged
16
44
years,
who
enrolled
full-time
part-time
bachelor’s
degree
programmes
44.00.00
Education
Pedagogical
Sciences
(based
intergraded
group
specialties).
were
asked
frequency
participation
influence
at
stage
preceding
admission
university,
well
answer
questions
that
factors
affecting
choice.
Empirical
data
processed
means
frequency,
comparative
multivariate
analysis,
using
median
test,
Pearson’s
chi-square
criterion,
analysis.
Results.
main
identified.
analysis
content
events
shows
implement
cooperation
with
regional
education
systems
aimed
attracting
trained
professionally
oriented
applicants
field
region.
It
revealed
students,
entered
often
participated
traditional
activities,
while
involving
active
methods
working
are
represented
experience
least
extent.
Three
types
identified:
passive
role
assigned
within
framework
presentation;
opportunity
express
oneself
appears
pre-professional
training;
greatest
subjectivity
applicant
actualised
implying
his/her
involvement
activity.
Students,
characterised
high
give
higher
evaluation
for
have
more
pronounced
choosing
profession.
Scientific
novelty.
paper,
been
studied
through
use
design,
verification
triangulation
allowed
empirically
substantiate
typology
nature
self-determination
Practical
significance.
can
be
used
improve
quality
work
universities.
materials
employed
programmes,
organisations.
Tambov University Review Series Humanities,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2, P. 319 - 328
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
We
consider
the
current
formats
of
career
guidance
work,
which,
firstly,
are
focused
on
solving
problem
attracting
applicants
to
universities,
secondly,
take
into
account
interests
students
and
contribute
conscious
professional
self-determination,
thirdly,
labor
market
situation.
The
solution
these
problems
is
possible
as
a
result
systematic
organization
guidance,
key
subject
which
university,
while
ensuring
interaction
in
triad
“school
–
university
employer”.
Within
framework
work
can
be
tiered
nature
carried
out
at
level
an
educational
program,
department,
institute/faculty,
university.
Domestic
foreign
experience
indicates
need
increase
depth
facilitated
by
format
“kids
university”,
primary
secondary
schools
get
acquainted
with
areas.
One
urgent
school
their
involvement
proposed
activities.
and,
result,
effectiveness
makes
it
its
practical
(trainings,
master
classes,
tests),
use
competitive
component
(olympiads,
grant
competitions),
game
components
(gamification
elements)
events.
Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
14(33), P. e16325 - e16325
Published: Aug. 29, 2021
The
research
problem
is
the
process
and
result
of
diagnostics
targeted
forming
trajectory
professional
development
a
personality.
This
especially
important
under
modern
conditions
mobility
in
sphere
growing
requirements
for
activity
professional.
method
analyzing
system
guidance
region
enabled
to
reveal
main
characteristics
self-determination.
As
study
theory
practice
self-determination
processes,
model
was
elaborated
managing
professional-educational
route
future
specialist.
Special
attention
paid
stage
navigation
schoolchildren
university
matriculants,
based
on
existing
methods
guidance.
A
conclusion
made
that
complex
approach
needed
processes
personality
support
specialists,
with
view
synchronizing
resources
regional
educational
establishments
various
levels,
consolidation
efforts
administration,
employers
region.
authors
present
description
an
electronic
service
“Employee
Constructor”,
which
provides
management
personal
during
growing,
formation,
adaptation
development,
depending
interests,
abilities,
individual
features,
competencies
experience
particular
person.
Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
17(10), P. em2014 - em2014
Published: Aug. 24, 2021
A
digital
technology
of
education
and
career
guidance
was
created
within
the
open
free
resource
"Deep
Learning
School"
(DLS).
Тhe
mission
DLS
is
recruiting
talented
youth
in
field
IT
research
development.
assumes
possibility
online
training;
absence
pandemic-related
restrictions,
a
mixed
format
available.
The
principles
as
an
educational
for
professional
self-determination
various
contingents
young
people
are
described.
Empirical
material
-
results
anonymous
survey
145
listeners
specialists,
undergraduate
graduate
students,
applicants.
qualitative
analysis
open-ended
questions
revealed
functions
DLS,
which
concretize
its
self-determination.
possibilities
offline
components
concretized
to
achieve
actually
didactic,
goals,
goals
socialization
facilitation
self-determination;
specificity
their
use
by
students.
high
efficiency
with
motivation
get
work
machine
intelligence
shown.
can
be
used
specialists
improve
resources
practice
management.
Russian Journal of Economics and Law,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(3), P. 686 - 698
Published: Sept. 18, 2024
Objective:
to
systematize
and
develop
ideas
about
the
improvement
of
Russian
state
policy
promote
youth
employment.
Methods:
work
is
based
on
analysis
literature
normative-legal
documents
using
general
scientific
methods
cognition.
Results:
paper
reveals
legal
bases
for
activities
authorities
in
field
promoting
employment
developing
labor
market.
It
shown
that,
despite
variety
measures,
young
people
still
face
serious
barriers
successful
career
starting
stable
general.
The
summarizes
priority
areas
action
overcome
most
pressing
problems,
including:
loose
regulation
status
a
specialist;
limited
statistics;
low
awareness
situation
market;
mismatch
between
personnel
produced
current
needs
economy,
etc.
conclusion
emphasizes
importance
summarizing
accumulated
experience
practical
application
beneficial
solutions,
taking
into
account
specifics
Scientific
novelty:
conducted
research
contributes
development
theoretical
issues
employment,
including
deepening
main
measures
them.
Practical
significance:
study
results
can
be
used,
first
all,
practice
public
administration
at
any
level
improve
Information Technologies and Learning Tools,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
59(3), P. 168 - 178
Published: June 30, 2017
In
today's
realities,
the
problem
of
preparing
future
teachers
to
career
guidance
with
pupils
is
particular
importance.
The
article
devoted
clarifying
essence
readiness
informatics
work
on
IT-specialty.
disclosed
content
main
components
same
readiness:
motivational,
cognitive,
practical-activity
and
reflective
components.
each
selected
invariant
part
(base,
independent
subject
specialization
areas
guidance)
variable
(which
takes
into
account
specific
area
"Informatics"
features
IT-
industry
as
a
sphere
guidance).The
detected
specificity
these
should
become
basis
for
further
justification
development
practically
demanded
model
preparation
teacher
Tambov University Review Series Humanities,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2, P. 258 - 266
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Importance.
Career
guidance
is
one
of
the
leading
areas
activity
in
modern
universities
for
a
number
reasons.
Firstly,
it
related
to
ensuring
recruitment
contingent
students.
Secondly,
are
actors
providing
conscious
self-determination
pupil,
uniting
all
interested
parties
(parents,
schools,
employers),
central
link
chain
“school–university–employer”.
Research
methods.
Based
on
theoretical
analysis
special
literature,
systematization
relevant
practices
career
work
with
as
well
experience
Derzhavin
Tambov
State
University
professional
schoolchildren,
main
problem
interaction
“school–university–employer”
identified.
Results
and
Discussion.
The
identified
that
have
solve
include
following:
unification
stakeholders
(schools,
parents,
employers,
public
authorities,
etc.);
schools;
development
actual
content
work;
definition
most
effective
formats
implementation
measures
early
(for
example,
“children’s
university”,
“university
discoveries”,
etc.).
Conclusion.
An
format
test.
This
practice-oriented
allows
you
model
specific
type
activity,
result
which
students
get
acquainted
sphere,
then
make
an
informed
choice
sphere.
Since
2016
at
offered
more
than
30
trial
programs
provide
opportunity
training
specialties
implemented
university
(“Lawyer
state
bodies”,
“Teacher”,
“Know
yourself
others”,
“Modern
PR
man”,
“Military
scouting”,
The Education and science journal,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
20(8), P. 46 - 65
Published: Nov. 2, 2018
Introduction
.
In
the
context
of
globalisation,
competition
for
high
quality
and
highly
effective
human
capital
is
increasing.
Successful
training
qualified
specialists
impossible
without
an
adequate
system
professional
orientation
young
people
that
implemented
at
all
levels
educational
expressed
in
real
career
guidance
practices.
Thus,
relevance
scientific
understanding
analysis
activities
carried
out
modern
times
manifested.
The
aim
publication
was
study
vocational
practices
present
prevailing
Russian
Federation,
taking
into
account
world
experience.
Methodology
research
methods.
At
theoretical
stage,
review
generalisation
publications
relevant
to
stated
theme
objectives
were
out.
To
practices,
a
questionnaire
survey
intended
school
students
(1087
secondary
rural,
municipal
elite
schools)
Tyumen
region
conducted.
A
selective
sociological
studies
published
by
foreign
scholars
undertaken.
Results
novelty
Global
trends
designated;
examples
positive
experience
accumulated
other
countries
this
sphere
reviewed.
most
burning
issues
implementation
activity
education
identified.
On
basis
survey,
leading
motives
choice
established.
It
determined
those
vary
according
status,
type
territory
institution
which
study.
differences
students’
degree
satisfaction
with
actions
shown.
authors
conclude
avoid
labour
market
distortions
many
social
problems,
it
necessary
concentrate
center
gravity
work
on
general
education;
therefore,
during
period
foundation
self-determination
person
provided.
shift
vector
identification
capabilities
predispositions,
inform
involve
them
professions
(e.g.
employment
meetings
representatives
different
specialties
employers,
as
well
forms
types
both
inside
outside
school).
propose
creation
federal
platform
principles
voluntary
interaction
interested
parties
order
strengthen
role
younger
generation
provide
timely
valuable
informational
advisory
support.
Practical
significance.
materials
conclusions
can
be
used
when
developing
recommendations
process
system.
Science management theory and practice,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
3(3), P. 45 - 60
Published: Sept. 28, 2021
The
article
is
devoted
to
the
analysis
of
possibilities
and
description
methodological
map,
which
Russian
analogue
“individual
cell”
student
has
proven
itself
well
in
United
States.
map
reflects
static
profile
trainee’s
abilities
and,
when
periodically
filled
in,
represents
a
dynamically
developing
trajectory
professional
orientation,
regardless
profile.At
present,
general
need
economy
for
high-quality
specialists
based
on
selection
students
capable
mastering
complex,
high-tech
technologies
that
have
clear
potential
growth
personal
development.
At
same
time,
we
can
state
absence
developed
relationship
between
education
system
vocational
guidance
system,
strategically
lead
problems
providing
most
technologically
advanced
segments
with
staff.
thereis
positive
international
experience
solving
this
problem,
elements
be
adapted
existing
system.The
presents
content
describes
capabilities
by
staff
M.V.
Lomonosov,
an
information
about
level
several
types
competence
any
student.
To
work
such
card,
teacher
needs
expand
his
become
expert
testologist
sufficient
test
competence.
An
obvious
advantage
ease
its
digital
processing,
accumulation
centralized
databases.
after
appropriate
modernization,
basic
option
training
highly
qualified
who
chosen
path
scientist.
development
diagnostic
significant
features,
ability
ensure
connection
personnel
society
state,
as
result,
their
sustainable
socio-economic
Social pharmacy in health care,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 7 - 13
Published: Feb. 27, 2017
Aim.
To
study
the
experience
of
organizing
professional
orientation
and
training
youth
for
employment
in
Europe.Methods.
The
analysis
normative
documents,
official
websites
governmental
organizations,
scientific
literature.
Results.
Globally,
job
placement
are
considered
as
an
integral
part
a
single
complex
career
development
person
to
provide
effective
population.
In
UK,
France,
Germany
there
is
extensive
system
state
organizations
subordinated
Ministries
Education
Labor
that
conduct
youth,
advanced
working-age
population
throughout
life.
According
results
studying
international
it
has
been
found
secondary
schools
high
play
main
role
providing
primary
knowledge
about
different
professions,
while
centers,
various
Internet
resources,
nonprofit
well
employers
assist
them.Conclusions.
It
leading
young
people,
working
life;
expedience
adaption
conducting
career-oriented
activities
European
countries
cultural
traditions
economic
conditions
Ukraine
proven.