Optochemical Control of Biological Processes in Cells and Animals

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 57(11), P. 2768 - 2798

Published: May 18, 2017

Biological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal control, as is perhaps most evident in metazoan embryogenesis. Chemical tools have been extensively utilized cell developmental biology to investigate cellular processes, conditional control methods expanded applications of these technologies toward resolving complex biological questions. Light represents an excellent external trigger since it can be controlled very precision. To this end, several optically developed applied living systems. In review we discuss recent developments optochemical tools, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids that irreversibly or reversibly through light irradiation, a focus on cells animals.

Language: Английский

---

Huntington disease: new insights into molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 529 - 546

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Integrated omics analysis of specialized metabolism in medicinal plants

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 90(4), P. 764 - 787

Published: Jan. 21, 2017

Medicinal plants are a rich source of highly diverse specialized metabolites with important pharmacological properties. Until recently, plant biologists were limited in their ability to explore the biosynthetic pathways these metabolites, mainly due scarcity genomics resources. However, recent advances high-throughput large-scale analytical methods have enabled discover for plant-based medicinal metabolites. The reduced cost generating omics datasets and development computational tools analysis integration led elucidation several bioactive origin. These discoveries inspired synthetic biology approaches develop microbial systems produce originating from plants, an alternative sustainable medicinally chemicals. Since demand compounds increasing world's population, understanding complete biosynthesis becomes identify or reliable sources future. Here, we review contributions major our We briefly discuss different integrating extract biologically relevant knowledge application construction reconstruction metabolic models.

Language: Английский

---

Aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding in the United States: current status, challenges, and priorities for future research

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2017

Advancing the production efficiency and profitability of aquaculture is dependent upon ability to utilize a diverse array genetic resources. The ultimate goals genomics, genetics breeding research are enhance efficiency, sustainability, product quality, in support commercial sector for benefit consumers. In order achieve these goals, it important understand genomic structure organization species, their phenomic variations, as well basis traits interrelationships. addition, also mechanisms regulation evolutionary conservation at levels genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, systems biology. With information between genomes phenomes, technologies marker/causal mutation-assisted selection, genome editing can be developed applications aquaculture. A set tools resources must made available including reference sequences annotations (including coding non-coding regulatory elements), genome-wide polymorphic markers, efficient genotyping platforms, high-density high-resolution linkage maps, transcriptome transcripts. Genomic control performance traits, such disease resistance, feed conversion growth rate, processing yield, behaviour, reproductive characteristics, tolerance environmental stressors like low dissolved oxygen, high or water temperature salinity, understood. QTL need identified, validated across strains, lines populations, Causal gene(s) identified. Genetic epigenetic determined, marker-assisted causal gene/mutation-assisted using CRISPR other developed, demonstrated with applicability, application industries. Major progress has been genomics dozens fish shellfish species development physical microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, databases various stages sequences. This paper provides general review current status, challenges future needs genetics, breeding, focus on major United States: catfish, rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, tilapia, striped bass, oysters, shrimp. While overall priorities practical similar status each should dictate next priority areas within species. an output USDA Workshop Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics, Breeding held late March 2016 Auburn, Alabama, participants from all parts States.

Language: Английский

---

Genome editing for crop improvement: Challenges and opportunities

GM crops & food, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 183 - 205

Published: Oct. 2, 2015

Genome or gene editing includes several new techniques to help scientists precisely modify genome sequences. The also enables us alter the regulation of expression patterns in a pre-determined region and facilitates novel insights into functional genomics an organism.Emergence has brought considerable excitement especially among agricultural because its simplicity, precision power as it offers opportunities develop improved crop varieties with clear-cut addition valuable traits removal undesirable traits. Research is underway improve higher yields, strengthen stress tolerance, disease pest resistance, decrease input costs, increase nutritional value.Genome encompasses wide variety tools using either site-specific recombinase (SSR) nuclease (SSN) system. Both systems require recognition known sequence. SSN system generates single double strand DNA breaks activates endogenous repair pathways. SSR technology, such Cre/loxP Flp/FRT mediated systems, are able knockdown knock-in genes eukaryotes, depending on orientation specific sites (loxP, FLP, etc.) flanking target site. There 4 main classes developed cleave genomic sequences, mega-nucleases (homing endonuclease), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein). engineering depends (sub-) family target-site induces high frequencies homologous recombination.Improving crops provides range options: by altering only few nucleotides from billions found genomes living cells, full allele inserting targeted genome. Due precision, more precise than conventional breeding methods standard genetic methods. Thus this technology very powerful tool that can be used toward securing world's food supply. In improving value crops, most effective way produce resist pests thrive tough climates.There 3 types modifications produced editing; Type I nucleotides, II involves replacing pre-existing one III allows for insertion gene(s) predetermined regions Because genome-editing leave behind traces alterations evident small number created through could avoid stringent procedures commonly associated GM development. For reason many believe plants will acceptable public transgenic plants. With comes promise being rapidly low risk off-target effects. It performed any laboratory crop, even those have complex not easily bred

Language: Английский

---

Xenbase: a genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic model organism database

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(D1), P. D861 - D868

Published: Oct. 2, 2017

Xenbase (www.xenbase.org) is an online resource for researchers utilizing Xenopus laevis and tropicalis, biomedical scientists seeking access to data generated with these model systems. Content aggregated from a variety of external resources also by in-house curation scientific literature bioinformatic analyses. Over the past two years many new types content have been added along tools functionalities reflect impact high-throughput sequencing. These include genomes both supported species (each chromosome scale assemblies), genome annotations, segmentation, dynamic interactive visualization RNA-Seq data, updated ChIP-Seq mapping, GO terms, protein interaction ORFeome support, improved connectivity other resources.

Language: Английский

---

Plant Genome Engineering for Targeted Improvement of Crop Traits

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

To improve food security, plant biology research aims to crop yield and tolerance biotic abiotic stress, as well increasing the nutrient contents of food. Conventional breeding systems have allowed breeders produce improved varieties many crops; for example, hybrid grain crops show dramatic improvements in yield. However, challenges remain emerging technologies potential address these challenges. For site-specific nucleases such TALENs CRISPR/Cas systems, which enable high-efficiency genome engineering across eukaryotic species, revolutionized biological its applications plants. These been used diverse species generate a wide variety modifications through strategies that include targeted mutagenesis editing various agricultural biotechnology applications. Moreover, genome-wide screens make it possible discover novel traits, expand range accelerate trait development target are key security. Here, we discuss use nuclease different genome-engineering We highlight existing opportunities harness improvement traits enhance productivity resilience climate change. cutting-edge genome-editing thus poised reshape future agriculture

Language: Английский

---

Genetic engineering of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 107554 - 107554

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Mutagenesis in Rice: The Basis for Breeding a New Super Plant

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 8, 2019

The high selection pressure applied in rice since its domestication thousands of years ago has caused a narrowing genetic variability. Therefore, obtaining new cultivars becomes major challenge for breeders and developing strategies to the increase variability demanded attention several research groups. Understanding mutations their application paved way advances elucidation genetic, physiological biochemical basis traits. creating through grown be among most important tools improve rice. small genome size enabled faster release higher quality sequence draft as compared other crops. move from structural functional genomics been possible due an array mutant databases, highlighting mutagenesis player this progress. Furthermore, synteny Poaceae, grasses can also benefit these findings. Successful gene modifications have obtained by random targeted mutations. Also, following mutation induction pathways, techniques identify molecular control DNA damage repair mechanisms genome. This review highlights findings generating resources showing increasing, detection repair.

Language: Английский

---

5-Fluorouracil: A Narrative Review on the Role of Regulatory Mechanisms in Driving Resistance to This Chemotherapeutic Agent

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 19, 2021

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is among the mostly administrated chemotherapeutic agents for a wide variety of neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs have central impact on determination response patients to 5-FU. These transcripts via modulation cancer-related pathways, cell apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other aspects behavior can affect Modulation expression levels microRNAs or long non-coding may be suitable approach sensitize tumor cells 5-FU treatment modulating multiple biological signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, NF-kB, Notch cascades. Moreover, there an increasing interest in targeting these various kinds cancers that are treated by In present article, we provide review function neoplastic

Language: Английский

---