Impact of heat stress on dairy cattle and selection strategies for thermotolerance: a review

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

Climate change is a problem that causes many environmental issues impact the productivity of livestock species. One major associated with climate an increase frequency hot days and heat waves, which increases risk stress for Dairy cattle have been identified as being susceptible to due their high metabolic load. Studies shown impacts several biological processes can result in large economic consequences. When occurs, dairy employ physiological cellular mechanisms order dissipate protect cells from damage. These require diversion energy toward protection away other processes. Therefore, turn lead numerous including reductions milk production reproduction well increased disease mortality. This indicates need select would be thermotolerant. Various selection strategies confer thermotolerance discussed literature, selecting reduced production, crossbreeding thermotolerant breeds, based on traits most recently enhanced immune response. review discusses various pros cons proposed cattle.

Язык: Английский

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Large-Scale Phenotyping of Livestock Welfare in Commercial Production Systems: A New Frontier in Animal Breeding

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2020

Genomic breeding programs have been paramount in improving the rates of genetic progress productive efficiency traits livestock. Such improvement has accompanied by intensification production systems, use a wider range precision technologies routine management practices, and high-throughput phenotyping. Simultaneously, greater public awareness animal welfare influenced livestock producers to place more emphasis on relative traits. Therefore, practices developed recent years enhance welfare. In particular, genomic selection can be used improve social behavior, resilience disease other stress factors, ease habituation system changes. The main requirements for including novel behavioral schemes are: (1) identify that represent biological mechanisms industry goals; (2) availability individual phenotypic records measured large number animals (ideally with information); (3) derived are heritable, biologically meaningful, repeatable, (ideally) not highly correlated already included indexes; (4) information is available individuals (or genetically close individuals) records. this review, we describe potential route development indicator (using ideal phenotypes) both schemes; summarize key variables behavior welfare, detailed assessment thermal livestock; primary statistical bioinformatic methods large-scale data analyses welfare; major advancements, challenges, opportunities generate datasets enable improved A wide variety from captured modern technology such as sensors, automatic feeding milking robots, activity monitors, video cameras, indirect biomarkers at cellular physiological levels. coupled feasible optimized based recently developing) technologies. Efficient implementation also requires integration multitude scientific fields cell molecular biology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, computer science, engineering, quantitative genomics, bioinformatics.

Язык: Английский

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Analysing the interaction between the dairy sector and climate change from a life cycle perspective: A review

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 126, С. 168 - 179

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2021

Globally, climate change is a challenge for the dairy sector and its effects are expected to have important consequences on environmental performance of products value chains. At same time, this significantly contributes global warming other impacts. This paper addresses twin from life cycle perspective, i.e. covering farms, factory, distribution retail, consumption. To do so, literature reviews were done contribution biophysical impacts in near term Europe. Both linked qualitatively analyse interaction connect matrix caused by sector. Not surprisingly, farms identified as major contributor total greenhouse gas emissions across chains but also most vulnerable stage change. Depending region, will face opportunities threats such significant cows' heat stress, crop cultivation variability, on-farm water availability, diseases, pests' pressure product safety risk, which associated with losses waste. Measures be needed mitigate them an cost. The clear definition sector-climate starting point begin preparing near-future under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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The Genetics of Thermoregulation in Pigs: A Review

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2021

Heat stress (HS) affects pig performance, health and welfare, resulting in a financial burden to the industry. Pigs have limited number of functional sweat glands their thermoregulatory mechanisms used maintain body temperature, are challenged by HS temperature. The genetic selection genotypes tolerant is promising long-term (adaptation) option that could be combined with other measures at production system level. This review summarizes current knowledge on genetics thermoregulation pigs. It also discusses different phenotypes can studies, as well variability between breeds inheritance traits related thermoregulation. considers on-going challenges face for improving heat tolerance

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of runs of homozygosity, heterozygosity-enriched regions, and population structure in cattle populations selected for different breeding goals

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

A decline in the level of genetic diversity livestock can result reduced response to selection, greater incidence defects, and inbreeding depression. In this context, various metrics have been proposed assess selected populations. Therefore, main goals study were to: 1) investigate population structure 16 cattle populations from 15 different pure breeds or composite populations, which for goals; and, 2) identify compare runs homozygosity (ROH) heterozygosity-enriched regions (HER) based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels whole-genome sequence data (WGS), followed by functional genomic analyses.A total 24,187 ROH found across all with 55% classified 2-4 Mb size group. Fourteen islands five where four located BTA1, BTA5, BTA16, BTA19 overlapped between Brahman (BRM) Gyr (GIR) breeds. analysis genes these revealed candidate known play a role melanogenesis, prolactin signaling, calcium signaling pathways. The correlations ranged 0.02 0.95, methods homozygous genotypes (FHOM), uniting gametes (FUNI), genotype additive variance (FGRM) showed strong among them. All yielded low moderate coefficients (FROH). For HER, 3576 26 islands, distributed autosomal chromosomes, containing mainly related immune system, indicating potential balancing selection. Although analyses WGS did not enable detection same island patterns, it unraveled novel captured when using SNP panel data.The that largest amount HER Senepol (SEN) Montana (MON), respectively. Overlapping identified GIR BRM breeds, possible historical connection distribution pattern are specific, experienced divergent selection processes processes.

Язык: Английский

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Towards progressive regulatory approaches for agricultural applications of animal biotechnology

Transgenic Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(2), С. 167 - 199

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2022

Traditional breeding techniques, applied incrementally over thousands of years, have yielded huge benefits in the characteristics agricultural animals. This is a result significant, measurable changes to genomes those animal species and breeds. Genome editing techniques may now be achieve targeted DNA sequence alterations, with potential affect traits interest production animals just one generation. New opportunities arise improve difficult or not amenable traditional breeding, including disease resistance, that can welfare, reduce environmental impact, mitigate impacts climate change. Countries supranational institutions are process defining regulatory approaches for genome edited benefit from sharing experiences institute progressive policies which oversight scaled particular level risk involved. To facilitate information discussion on biotechnology, an international community researchers, developers, breeders, regulators, communicators recently held series seven virtual workshop sessions applications biotechnology agriculture, food safety assessment, approaches, market consumer acceptance. In this report, we summarize topics presented sessions, as well discussions coming out breakout sessions. framed within context past recent scientific developments. pivotal moment determination establishment trust across innovation through-chain, farmers through consumers.

Язык: Английский

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Current status and future of gene engineering in livestock

BMB Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 57(1), С. 50 - 59

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Other SectionsABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION OF GENE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIESIN VITRO ANIMAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYAPPLICATION GENOME-ENGINEERED LIVESTOCK (FIG. 3)TRENDS IN FDA APPROVAL FOR GENETICALLY ENGINEERED LIVESTOCKDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS INTERESTFIGURESTABLEREFERENCES

Язык: Английский

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Global status of gene edited animals for agricultural applications

The Veterinary Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 305, С. 106142 - 106142

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Gene editing (GnEd) involves using a site-directed nuclease to introduce double-strand break (DSB) at targeted location in the genome. A literature search was performed on use of GnEd animals for agricultural applications. Data extracted from 212 peer-reviewed articles that described production least one living animal employing technologies purposes. The most common system reported CRISPR/Cas9, and frequent type edit unguided insertion or deletion resulting repair DSB leading knock-out (KO) mutation. Animal groups included reviewed papers were ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, n=63); monogastrics (pigs rabbit, n=60); avian (chicken, duck, quail, n=17); aquatic (many species, n=65), insects (honeybee, silkworm, n=7). Yield (32%), followed by reproduction (21%) disease resistance (17%) most- commonly traits. Over half had Chinese first-authorship. Several countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia Japan, have adopted regulatory policy considers KO mutations introduced following as akin natural genetic variation, therefore treat these analogously those produced conventional breeding. This approach has resulted non-GMO determination small number food applications, three species fast-growing fish, (red sea bream, olive flounder tiger pufferfish Japan), fish cattle Argentina porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus disease-resistant pigs Colombia.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic parameters and genome-wide association studies including the X chromosome for various reproduction and semen quality traits in Nellore cattle

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract Background The profitability of the beef industry is directly influenced by fertility rate and reproductive performance both males females, which can be improved through selective breeding. When performing genomic analyses, genetic markers located on X chromosome have been commonly ignored despite being one largest chromosomes in cattle genome. Therefore, primary objectives this study were to: (1) estimate variance components parameters for eighteen male five female traits Nellore including analyses; (2) perform genome-wide association studies functional analyses to better understand background cattle. Results percentage total direct heritability (h 2 ) explained x ranged from 3 32% (average: 16.4%) 9 67% 25.61%) traits, respectively. Among related breeding soundness evaluation, overall bull semen evaluation quality accounted highest proportion h relative with an average 39.5% 38.75%, number significant per trait 7 (seminal vesicle width) 43 (total major defects). zero five. A 683, 252, 694, 382, 61, 77 genes overlapped regions identified performance, quality, morphology, defects, bulls’ key candidate are PRR32 , STK26 TMSB4X TLR7 PRPS2 SMS SMARCA1 UTP14A BCORL1 . main gene ontology terms “Oocyte Meiosis”, “Progesterone Mediated Oocyte Maturation”, “Thermogenesis”, “Sperm Flagellum”, “Innate Immune Response”. Conclusions Our findings indicate role phenotypic variability reproduction Breeding programs aiming improve these should consider adding information their analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Polymorphism on Heat Resistance in Beef and Dairy Calves Based on Proliferation and Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Hair Follicles

Animals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 475 - 475

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

The study objectives were to investigate the heat resistance using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and hair follicles in beef dairy calves based on shock protein (HSP) 70 genetic polymorphisms. follicle samples from sixty (6 months old; 30 Korean native Holstein calves) collected for DNA extraction. HSP70 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped a 5′-exonuclease activity (TaqMan) assay. In Study 1, PBMCs isolated 20 categorized by their genotypes during thermoneutral period: 10 (B-CC B-C/-type) (D-CC, D-C/-type). then exposed stress at 37 °C (control, CON) 42 (heat stress, HS) 3 h. Following this, returned incubator 0, 3, 6, 12 h further recovery analysis. 2, (six times every days; threshold, mild, moderate levels) gene expression measured. Data analyzed via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. cell proliferation D-C/-group significantly higher (p < 0.05) than D-CC B-C/-groups 0 1 after HS mRNA greater 0.01) all groups compared CON exposure. B-CC immediately (0 h) following HS. group also B-C/-group. increased more level that threshold level. addition, overexpression noted D-C/-groups B-C/-groups. conclusion, our results indicate breeds polymorphisms exhibit distinctive pattern immune profiles. Additionally, may serve as an indicator across different breeds, making it potential novel barometer

Язык: Английский

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