Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by cells as a result various tumor-specific alterations, such genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, integrated viral open reading frames. recognized non-self trigger an immune response that is not subject to central peripheral tolerance. The quick identification prediction neoantigens been made possible advanced next-generation sequencing bioinformatic technologies. Compared tumor-associated antigens, highly immunogenic provide emerging targets personalized serve prospective predictors survival prognosis checkpoint blockade responses. therapies will be aided understanding mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor streamlining process neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides overview on characterization outlines clinical applications immunotherapeutic strategies based neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, translation potential.

Language: Английский

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The landscape of mRNA nanomedicine

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 2273 - 2287

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Enables mRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(51)

Published: May 17, 2023

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) has received great attention in the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to success coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty Spikevax). To meet therapeutic purpose, it is required that must enter target cells express sufficient proteins. Therefore, development effective delivery systems necessary crucial. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) represents a remarkable vehicle indeed accelerated applications humans, as several mRNA‐based therapies have already been approved or are clinical trials. In this review, focus on mRNA‐LNP‐mediated anticancer therapy. It summarizes main strategies mRNA‐LNP formulations, discusses representative approaches cancer, points out current challenges possible future directions research field. hoped these delivered messages can help further improve application technology cancer

Language: Английский

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Engineered Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Controllable Two‐Way Adaptors to Activate Macrophage Phagocytosis for Improved Tumor Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(40)

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

The most immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) closely resemble immunosuppressive M2-polarized macrophages. Moreover, exhibit high expression of CD47 "don't eat me" signal, which obstructs macrophage phagocytosis. precise and efficient activation TAMs is a promising approach to immunotherapy; however, re-education remains challenge. Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are highly immunogenic nanovesicles that can robustly stimulate Here, an OMV-based controllable two-way adaptor reported, in nanobody (CD47nb) fused onto OMV surface (OMV-CD47nb), with the coated polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer containing diselenide bonds (PEG/Se) form PEG/Se@OMV-CD47nb. PEG/Se modification not only mitigates immunogenicity OMV-CD47nb, thereby remarkedly increasing dose be administered safely through intravenous injection, but also equips formulation radiation-triggered controlled release OMV-CD47nb. Application radiation tumors mice injected nanoformulation results remodeling TME. As adaptors, OMV-CD47nb activates TAM phagocytosis via multiple pathways, including induction M1 polarization blockade signal. this stimulation T cell-mediated antitumor immunity effective antigen presentation.

Language: Английский

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Circular RNA cancer vaccines drive immunity in hard-to-treat malignancies

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 6422 - 6436

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Rationale: Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine outperforms other kinds of cancer immunotherapy due to its high response rates, easy preparation, and wide applicability, which is considered as one the most promising forms next-generation therapies.However, inherent instability insufficient protein expression duration mRNA limit efficacy widespread application vaccine.Methods: Here, we first tested possibility a novel circular (circRNA) platform for compare with linear RNA.Then, developed lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system circRNA delivery in vitro vivo.Next, innate adaptive immune circRNA-LNP complex was evaluated vivo.The anti-tumor further confirmed three tumor models.Finally, combination therapy adoptive cell transfer investigated late-stage model. Results:We successfully increased stability by circularizing molecules form highly stable exhibited durable ability.By encapsulating antigen-coding LNP enabling vivo expression, established platform, capable triggering robust activation showed superior multiple mouse models.Conclusions: Overall, our provides prospect development vaccines range hard-to-treat malignancies.

Language: Английский

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mRNA nanomedicine: Design and recent applications

Exploration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(6)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

The rational design and application of mRNA-based medicine have recently yielded some key successes in the clinical management human diseases. mRNA technology allows for facile direct production proteins vivo, thus circumventing need lengthy drug development cycles complex workflows. As such, formulations can significantly improve upon biological therapies that become commonplace modern medicine. Despite its many advantages, is inherently fragile has specific delivery requirements. Leveraging engineering flexibility nanobiotechnology, payloads be incorporated into nanoformulations such they do not invoke unwanted immune responses, are targeted to tissues interest, delivered cytosol, resulting improved safety while enhancing bioactivity. With rapidly evolving landscape nanomedicine, novel technologies under potential further utility This review covers principles relevant nanomedicine platforms. It also details current research on addressing viral infections, cancers, genetic Given trends field, future nanomedicines change how types diseases managed clinic.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle‐Based Photothermal Therapy for Breast Cancer Noninvasive Treatment

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Rapid advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, intertwined with oncology, have positioned photothermal therapy (PTT) as a promising noninvasive treatment strategy for cancer. The breast's superficial anatomical location aesthetic significance render breast cancer particularly pertinent candidate the clinical application of PTT following melanoma. This review comprehensively explores research conducted on various types nanoparticles employed elaborates their specific roles mechanisms action. integration existing therapies is scrutinized, underscoring its potential synergistic outcomes. Additionally, underlying consequential modifications to tumor microenvironment after are elaborated from medical perspective. Future directions suggested, an emphasis development integrative platforms that combine multiple therapeutic approaches optimization nanoparticle synthesis enhanced efficacy. goal push boundaries toward comprehensive, clinically applicable

Language: Английский

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mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics: an in-depth survey of current and upcoming clinical applications

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Oct. 7, 2023

mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating immune system. With regard mRNA vaccines, researchers modified structure enhance its stability promote systemic tolerance of antigenic presentation non-inflammatory contexts. Still, delivery naked mRNAs is inefficient results low levels antigen protein production. As such, lipid nanoparticles been utilized improve protect cargo from extracellular degradation. This advance was milestone development vaccines dispelled skepticism about technology yield clinically approved medicines. Following resounding success COVID-19, many other proposed treatment variety diseases. review begins discussion modifications vehicles, well factors that influence administration routes. Then, we summarize applications discuss further key points pertaining preclinical targeting wide range Finally, latest market trends future drugs.

Language: Английский

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Promising dawn in tumor microenvironment therapy: engineering oral bacteria

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. The human mouth appears multiplicity local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes. Nowadays, the role oral microbes in development progression has received increasing scrutiny. At same time, bioengineering technology nanotechnology is growing rapidly, which physiological activities natural bacteria are modified improve therapeutic efficiency cancers. These engineered were transformed achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization precise control. In contrast endotoxins produced by typical genetically bacteria, flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics. To outline current cognitions upon microbes, cancers, related literatures searched reviewed based on PubMed database. We focused number mechanisms associated tumor microenvironment, involve occurrence development. Whether engineering can possible application therapy worth consideration. A deeper understanding relationship between may enhance our knowledge pathogenesis thus providing new insights strategies for prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Bacteria-derived nanovesicles enhance tumour vaccination by trained immunity

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 387 - 398

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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