Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2284 - 2299

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues well indwelling medical devices. aggregates form robust substances (EPSs), leading the majority human infections. Such infections tend exhibit high resistance treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The EPS protects bacteria from hostile environment prevents penetration antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due their diverse functionalities, navigating confined spaces targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones strategies developed removal eradication biofilms using different sizes shapes. It can be seen that useful effective tools treating biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, loss costly implanted devices, additional costs associated with hospitalization therapies.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic Microrobot Swarms with Polymeric Hands Catching Bacteria and Microplastics in Water

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(20), P. 13171 - 13183

Published: May 8, 2024

The forefront of micro- and nanorobot research involves the development smart swimming micromachines emulating complexity natural systems, such as swarming collective behaviors typically observed in animals microorganisms, for efficient task execution. This study introduces magnetically controlled microrobots that possess polymeric sequestrant "hands" decorating a magnetic core. Under influence external fields, functionalized beads dynamically self-assemble from individual microparticles into well-defined rotating planes diverse dimensions, allowing modulation their propulsion speed, exhibiting motion. These mobile microrobotic swarms can actively capture free-swimming bacteria dispersed microplastics "on-the-fly", thereby cleaning aquatic environments. Unlike conventional methods, these be collected complex media release captured contaminants second vessel controllable manner, is, using ultrasound, offering sustainable solution repeated use decontamination processes. Additionally, residual water is subjected to UV irradiation eliminate any remaining bacteria, providing comprehensive solution. In summary, this shows microrobot design

Language: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(18), P. 9190 - 9253

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Language: Английский

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Metareview: a survey of active matter reviews

The European Physical Journal E, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

In the past years, amount of research on active matter has grown extremely rapidly, a fact that is reflected in particular by existence more than 1000 reviews this topic. Moreover, field become very diverse, ranging from theoretical studies statistical mechanics particles to applied work medical applications microrobots and biological systems artificial swimmers. This makes it difficult get an overview over as whole. Here, we provide such form metareview article surveys existing review articles books matter. Thereby, provides useful starting point for finding literature about specific

Language: Английский

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Open Questions of Chemically Powered Nano- and Micromotors

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(50), P. 27185 - 27197

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Chemically powered nano- and micromotors are microscopic devices that convert chemical energy into motion. Interest in these motors has grown over the past 20 years because they exhibit interesting collective behaviors have found potential uses biomedical environmental applications. Understanding how operate both individually collectively environments affect their operation is of fundamental applied significance. However, there still significant gaps our knowledge. This Perspective highlights several open questions regarding propulsion mechanisms of, interactions among, impact confinements on driven by self-generated gradients. These based my own experience as an experimentalist. For each question, I describe problem its significance, analyze status-quo, identify bottleneck problem, propose solutions. An underlying theme for interplay among reaction kinetics, physicochemical distributions, fluid flows. Unraveling this requires careful measurements well a close collaboration between experimentalists theoreticians/numerical experts. The interdisciplinary nature challenges suggests solutions could bring new revelations opportunities across disciplines such colloidal sciences, material soft matter physics, robotics, beyond.

Language: Английский

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Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing: Toward Intelligent Platform

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Abstract Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to unique characteristics various media diverse functionalities. Researchers are developing as innovative tools improve performance miniaturize systems, enabling situ detection of substances traditional methods struggle achieve. Over the past decade development, significant research progress has been made designing strategies based on micro/nanorobots, employing coordinated approaches. This review summarizes latest developments for by utilizing self-generated signals robots, robot behavior, microrobotic manipulation, robot-environment interactions. Providing recent studies relevant sensing, we also discuss challenges future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent platforms achieve complex environments, translating lab achievements into widespread real applications.

Language: Английский

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Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2024

Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self-organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary perspective synthetic swarms, bridge the gap between microscale swarms. It is begun by examining agents, fundamental units understand origins their motility functionality presence external stimuli. Then inter-agent communications agent-environment that contribute generation summarized. Furthermore, reported date emergence machine intelligence within reviewed. Eventually, enabled distinct swarms By discussing emergent insights offered into design deployment autonomous real-world applications.

Language: Английский

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Insect‐Scale Biped Robots Based on Asymmetrical Friction Effect Induced by Magnetic Torque

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(24)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Multimodal and controllable locomotion in complex terrain is of great importance for practical applications insect‐scale robots. Robust plays a particularly critical role. In this study, mechanism magnetic robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by torque revealed defined. The defined overcomes the design constraints imposed both robot substrate structures, enabling realization multimodal terrains. Drawing inspiration from human walking running locomotion, biped proposed, which not only exhibits rapid across substrates with varying coefficients but also achieves precise along patterned trajectories through programmed controlling. Furthermore, apart its exceptional locomotive capabilities, demonstrates remarkable robustness terms load‐carrying weight‐bearing performance. presented herein introduce novel concept designing while offering extensive possibilities robotics.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Multimode Microrobot Swarm Behaviors

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Mimicking the swarm behaviors in nature, microswarm has shown dynamic transformations and flexible assemblies complex physiological environments, garnering increasing attention for its potential medical applications. However, because of complexity corresponding influencing factors, achieving controllability, stability, diversity an artificial remains challenging. Here, a physically assisted intelligence analysis framework was employed to predict multimode magnetic microswarm. By modulating 12 different parameters programmable field, we obtained various patterns, including liquid, rod, network, ribbon, flocculence, vortex. A physical model developed simulate 3D field collective behaviors. Explainable uncovered relationship between control prediction accuracy 83.87% pattern classification. Our stability revealed that rod vortex patterns exhibited higher making them ideal precise manipulation tasks. Leveraging this framework, demonstrated environmentally adaptive navigation through channels hunting specific targets. This study could not only advance understanding but also provide strategy targeted delivery micromanipulation clinical

Language: Английский

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Magnetically Driven Self‐Degrading Zinc‐Containing Cystine Microrobots for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Small, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(17)

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumor disease in men, and its treatment still a big challenge standard oncology therapy. Magnetically actuated microrobots represent promising technology modern nanomedicine, offering advantage of wireless guidance, effective cell penetration, non‐invasive actuation. Here, new biodegradable magnetically zinc/cystine‐based for situ prostate cells are reported. The fabricated via metal‐ion‐mediated self‐assembly amino acid cystine encapsulating superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) during synthesis, which allows their precise manipulation by rotating magnetic field. Inside cells, typical enzymatic reducing environment favors disassembly aminoacidic chemical structure due to cleavage disulfide bonds disruption non‐covalent interactions with metal ions, as demonstrated vitro experiments reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In this way, served site‐specific delivery Zn 2+ ions responsible killing “Trojan horse effect”. This work presents concept internalization exploiting robotic systems’ self‐degradation, proposing step forward

Language: Английский

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