Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

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3D-Printed Biodegradable Microswimmer for Theranostic Cargo Delivery and Release

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 3353 - 3362

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Untethered mobile microrobots have the potential to leverage minimally invasive theranostic functions precisely and efficiently in hard-to-reach, confined, delicate inner body sites. However, such a complex task requires an integrated design engineering, where powering, control, environmental sensing, medical functionality, biodegradability need be considered altogether. The present study reports hydrogel-based, magnetically powered controlled, enzymatically degradable microswimmer, which is responsive pathological markers its microenvironment for cargo delivery release tasks. We double-helical architecture enabling volumetric loading swimming capabilities under rotational magnetic fields 3D-printed optimized 3D microswimmer (length = 20 μm diameter 6 μm) using two-photon polymerization from precursor suspension composed gelatin methacryloyl biofunctionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. At normal physiological concentrations, we show that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) enzyme could entirely degrade 118 h solubilized nontoxic products. rapidly responds concentrations of MMP-2 by swelling thereby boosting embedded molecules. In addition drug type therapeutic molecules completely given after full degradation, microswimmers can also other functional cargos. As example demonstration, anti-ErbB 2 antibody-tagged nanoparticles are released fully degraded targeted labeling SKBR3 breast cancer cells vitro toward future scenario imaging remaining tissue sites microswimmer-based operation.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Language: Английский

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Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Abstract Systemic chemotherapy remains the backbone of many cancer treatments. Due to its untargeted nature and severe side effects it can cause, numerous nanomedicine approaches have been developed overcome these issues. However, targeted delivery therapeutics challenging. Engineering microrobots is increasingly receiving attention in this regard. Their functionalities, particularly their motility, allow penetrate tissues reach cancers more efficiently. Here, we highlight how different microrobots, ranging from tailor-made motile bacteria tiny bubble-propelled microengines hybrid spermbots, be engineered integrate sophisticated features optimised for precision-targeting a wide range cancers. Towards this, importance integrating clinicians, public patients early on development novel technologies.

Language: Английский

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Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(21)

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional surface microrollers for targeted cargo delivery in physiological blood flow

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(42)

Published: May 13, 2020

Leukocyte-inspired microrollers enable upstream propulsion, controlled navigation, and targeted active drug delivery in blood flow.

Language: Английский

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3D printing of functional microrobots

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 2794 - 2838

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

3D printing can enable the customized design and fabrication of microrobots for a wide range functional applications.

Language: Английский

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Acoustically powered surface-slipping mobile microrobots

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 3469 - 3477

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Significance Untethered microrobots have significant applications in medical interventions such as targeted drug delivery. Here, we present an acoustically propelled microrobot that uses a fast and unidirectional surface-slipping locomotion strategy to navigate on both flat curved surfaces. The three-dimensionally microprinted contains trapped spherical air bubble harness acoustic waves for propulsion at incredibly high speeds, up 90 body lengths per second with length of about 25 µm, it can be steered by external magnetic fields. proposed has thrust force two three orders magnitude higher than microorganisms, algae bacteria, which is sufficient navigation inside vascular capillaries blood flow.

Language: Английский

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MOFBOTS: Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Biomedical Microrobots

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(27)

Published: May 6, 2019

Motile metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are potential candidates to serve as small-scale robotic platforms for applications in environmental remediation, targeted drug delivery, or nanosurgery. Here, magnetic helical microstructures coated with a kind of zinc-based MOF, zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), biocompatibility characteristics and pH-responsive features, successfully fabricated. Moreover, it is shown that this highly integrated multifunctional device can swim along predesigned tracks under the control weak rotational fields. The proposed systems achieve single-cell targeting cell culture media controlled delivery cargo payloads inside complex microfluidic channel network. This new approach toward fabrication will open avenues soft microrobotics beyond current applications.

Language: Английский

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Microrobotics and Microorganisms: Biohybrid Autonomous Cellular Robots

Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 205 - 230

Published: Dec. 4, 2018

Biohybrid microrobots, composed of a living organism integrated with an artificial carrier, offer great advantages for the miniaturization devices onboard actuation, sensing, and control functionalities can perform multiple tasks, including manipulation, cargo delivery, targeting, at nano- microscales. Over past decade, various microorganisms carriers have been to develop unique biohybrid microrobots that swim or crawl inside body, in order overcome challenges encountered by current delivery systems. Here, we first focus on locomotion mechanisms microscale, crucial criteria selection microrobot components, integration selected biological components using physical chemical techniques. We then critically review designed used specific tasks vivo. Finally, discuss key challenges, fabrication efficiency, swarm vivo imaging, immunogenicity, should be before transition clinical use.

Language: Английский

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