Leveraging multivariate approaches to advance the science of early-life adversity

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106754 - 106754

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multivariate links between the developmental timing of adversity exposure and white matter tract connectivity in adulthood

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Research Review: Assessment of early‐life adversity and trauma – cumulative risk and dimensional approaches

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

In this research review, we present approaches and recommendations for assessing early‐life adversity childhood trauma aligned with two leading conceptual models of adversity: cumulative risk dimensional models. We summarize the measurement implications each model common in studies utilizing these consider other critical components assessment trauma, including retrospective prospective reporting, objective subjective measurement, caregiver child reporting. Finally, briefly existing interview questionnaire measures that are widely used to assess using both approaches. This work suggests there is greater heterogeneity relative those model, which allows more flexibility adversity. addition, observed detailed were available experiences threat compared deprivation. Measures terms frequency severity across multiple dimensions experience within a single measure needed facilitate consistent reliable particularly when applying

Language: Английский

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Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Suicide as a Complex Dynamical System

Published: Sept. 24, 2023

Background: Despite decades of research, the current suicide rate is nearly identical to what it was 100 years ago. This slow progress due, at least in part, a lack formal theories suicide. Existing are instantiated verbally, omitting details required for precise explanation and prediction, rendering them difficult effectively evaluate improve. By contrast, mathematically computationally, allowing researchers precisely deduce theory predictions, rigorously can cannot explain, thereby, inform how be improved. paper takes first step toward addressing need research by formalizing an initial, general evaluating its ability explain suicide-related phenomena.Methods: First, we formalized General Escape Theory Suicide as system stochastic ordinary differential equations. Second, used these equations simulate behavior over time. Third, evaluated if produced robust phenomena including rapid onset brief duration suicidal thoughts, zero-inflation thinking time series data.Results: Simulations successfully proposed (i.e., onset, short duration, high thoughts data). Notably, simulations also theorized following from Suicide: that emerge when alternative escape behaviors failed regulate aversive internal states, effective use long-term strategies may prevent emergence thoughts. Conclusions: To our knowledge, model developed here suicide, which able produce – and, thus, well-established documented literature. We discuss next steps program dedicated studying complex dynamical system, describe integration empirical advance understanding, prevention

Language: Английский

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Person-centered analyses reveal that developmental adversity at moderate levels and neural threat/safety discrimination are associated with lower anxiety in early adulthood

Communications Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Parsing heterogeneity in the nature of adversity exposure and neurobiological functioning may facilitate better understanding how shapes individual variation risk for resilience against anxiety. One putative mechanism linking with anxiety is disrupted threat safety learning. Here, we applied a person-centered approach (latent profile analysis) to characterize patterns at specific developmental stages threat/safety discrimination corticolimbic circuitry 120 young adults. We then compared resultant profiles differed symptoms. Three latent emerged: (1) group lower lifetime adversity, higher neural activation threat, safety; (2) moderate during middle childhood adolescence, (3) minimal both safety. Individuals second had than other profiles. These findings demonstrate variability within-person combinations can differentially relate anxiety, suggest that some individuals, adolescence could be associated processes foster future

Language: Английский

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The neural, stress hormone and inflammatory correlates of childhood deprivation and threat in psychosis: A systematic review

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 106371 - 106371

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Childhood adversity increases the risk of developing psychosis, but biological mechanisms involved are unknown. Disaggregating early adverse experiences into core dimensions deprivation and threat may help to elucidate these mechanisms. We therefore systematically searched literature investigating associations between threat, neural, immune stress hormone systems in individuals on psychosis spectrum. Our search yielded 74 articles, from which we extracted synthesized relevant findings. While study designs were heterogeneous findings inconsistent, some trends emerged. In tended correlate with lower global cortical volume, evidence supported threat-related variation prefrontal cortex morphology. Greater exposure was also associated higher C-reactive protein, cortisol measures. When examined, controls less evident. Overall, indicate that associate partially distinct spectrum, be stronger than controls. Dimensional approaches disentangle correlates childhood more studies needed.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing experiential elements of early-life stress to inform resilience: Buffering effects of controllability and predictability and the importance of their timing

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 2288 - 2301

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Key theoretical frameworks have proposed that examining the impact of exposure to specific dimensions stress at developmental periods is likely yield important insight into processes risk and resilience. Utilizing a sample N = 549 young adults who provided detailed retrospective history their lifetime numerous traumatic ratings current trauma-related symptomatology via completion an online survey, here we test whether individual’s perception as either controllable or predictable buffered on assessed in adulthood. Further, tested this moderation effect differed when evaluated context early childhood, middle adolescence, adulthood stress. Consistent with hypotheses, results highlight both stressor controllability predictability buffering suggest potency varies across unique periods. Leveraging dimensional probe heterogeneity outcomes following – and, critically, considering interactions between period occurred increased understanding resilience

Language: Английский

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Leveraging the developmental neuroscience of caregiving to promote resilience among youth exposed to adversity

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 2168 - 2185

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Early adversity is a major risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology across development. Identifying mechanisms that support resilience, or favorable mental health outcomes despite exposure to adversity, critical informing clinical intervention and guiding policy promote youth health. Here we propose caregivers play central role in fostering resilience among children exposed via caregiving influences on children's corticolimbic circuitry emotional functioning. We first delineate numerous ways learning regulation describe how early attachment lays foundation optimal caregiver functioning developmental stage-specific manner. Second, outline neural by which foster resilience-namely, modulating offspring emotion buffer stress reactivity. Next, highlight importance timing sensitive periods understanding caregiving-related resilience. Finally, discuss implications this line research findings can be translated guide promotes well-being families.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of maternal breast milk cortisol increase: Examining dispositional and situational factors

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 106385 - 106385

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Breast milk is a rich nutritional source, containing numerous proteins, carbohydrates, and hormones that impact long-term offspring development. Strikingly, predictors correlates of breast composition remain largely unknown. Building on previously discovered increase in cortisol concentration from 2-12 weeks postpartum, we investigated potential maternal the first three months post-delivery by examining suite dispositional (e.g., attachment, adverse childhood experiences or ACEs) situational factors partner support, self-efficacy). Data 73 mothers were collected prenatally, at birth, 2-, 6- 12 postpartum. The analyses, which sought to predict postnatal changes cortisol, included pool theoretically-sound constructs (Table 1) an exploratory data-driven approach. We fit models differing complexity as preregistered: Random Forest models, capable modeling interactions non-linear relationships, 2) Bayesian linear allowing model change over time while less prone overfitting. Overall, found no single variable had strong predictive value beyond known such since awakening collection. However, results both suggest ACEs carry information warrants future investigations, pointing towards negative relationship with milk, albeit minimal effect size. Using sophisticated early life stress may play role physiological markers implications for

Language: Английский

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Multivariate links between the developmental timing of adversity exposure and white matter tract integrity in adulthood

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Early-life adversity is pervasive worldwide and represents a potent risk factor for increased mental health burden across the lifespan. However, there substantial individual heterogeneity in associations between exposure, neurobiological changes, problems. Accounting key features of such as developmental timing exposure may clarify adversity, neurodevelopment, health. The present study leverages sparse canonical correlation analysis to characterize modes covariation age integrity white matter tracts throughout brain sample 107 adults. We find that during middle childhood (ages 5-6 8-9 particular) consistently linked with alterations tract integrity, supporting sensorimotor functions display higher relation while cortico-cortical communication lower integrity. Further, latent patterns experienced preschool 4-9) were associated trauma-related symptoms adulthood. Our findings underscore differentially affect function- developmental-timing specific manner suggest ages 4-9 shape development global ways are relevant adult

Language: Английский

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