The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants: current situation and future trends DOI Open Access
Ramadan Abdelmoez Farahat, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Tungki Pratama Umar

et al.

Infezioni in Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been the most recent of concern (VOC) established by World Health Organization (WHO). Because its greater infectivity and immune evasion, this quickly became dominant type circulating worldwide. Our literature review thoroughly explains current state emergence, particularly comparing different omicron subvariants, including BA.2, BA.1, BA.3. Such elaboration would be based on structural variations, mutations, clinical manifestation, transmissibility, pathogenicity, vaccination effectiveness. notable difference between three subvariants is insufficiency deletion (Δ69-70) in spike protein, which results a lower detection rate (S) gene target known as failure (SGTF). Furthermore, BA.2 had stronger affinity to human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (hACE2) receptor than other sub-lineages. Regarding number BA.1.1 (40), followed BA.3, BA.3 with 39, 34, 31 respectively. In addition, have transmissibility sub-lineages (BA.1 BA.1.1). These characteristics are primarily responsible for Omicron's vast geographical spread high contagiousness rates,

Language: Английский

Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections DOI Open Access
Heba N. Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub

et al.

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(1), P. 21 - 34

Published: June 15, 2022

The protection conferred by natural immunity, vaccination, and both against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with the BA.1 or BA.2 sublineages of omicron (B.1.1.529) variant is unclear.

Language: Английский

Citations

482
Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar DOI Creative Commons
Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Sawsan AlMukdad

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 2, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants are genetically divergent. We conducted a matched, test-negative, case-control study to estimate duration of protection the second third/booster doses mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections in Qatar. BNT162b2 effectiveness was highest at 46.6% (95% CI: 33.4–57.2%) symptomatic 51.7% 43.2–58.9%) first three months after dose, but declined ~10% or below thereafter. Effectiveness rebounded 59.9% 51.2–67.0%) 43.7% 36.5–50.0%), respectively, month booster before declining again. hospitalization death 70–80% dose >90% dose. mRNA-1273 vaccine showed similar patterns. provide comparable, moderate, short-lived infections, strong durable death.

Language: Английский

Citations

216
A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies DOI Creative Commons
Srijan Chatterjee, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sagnik Nag

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

203
Omicron (BA.1) and sub‐variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike infectivity and pathogenicity: A comparative sequence and structural‐based computational assessment DOI
Suresh Kumar, Kalimuthu Karuppanan, Gunasekaran Subramaniam

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(10), P. 4780 - 4791

Published: June 10, 2022

The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread throughout world. We used computational tools to assess spike infectivity, transmission, and pathogenicity (BA.1) sub-variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3) in this study. BA.1 39 mutations, BA.1.1 40 BA.2 31 BA.3 34 with 21 shared mutations between all. observed 11 common Omicron's receptor-binding domain (RBD) sub-variants. In analysis, Y505H, N786K, T95I, N211I, N856K, V213R omicron are predicted be deleterious. Due major effect characterizing RBD, we found that had a higher positive electrostatic surface potential. This could increase interaction RBD negative potential human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). affinity for hACE2 increased transmission when compared wild-type (WT). Negative N-terminal (NTD) protein value indicates binds receptors less efficiently than WT. Given at least one receptor is highly expressed lung bronchial cells, NTD factors contributing why thought harmful lower tract. Among sub-lineages, have BA.1.1. mutated residues (K478), (R400, R490, R495), (R397 H499) formation new salt bridges hydrogen bonds. sub-variant Receptor-binding Motif (RBM) such as Q493R, N501Y, Q498, T478K, Y505H all contribute significantly binding ACE2. Interactions 493, 496, 498, 501 seem restore ACE2 effectiveness lost due other like K417N.

Language: Английский

Citations

192
The outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron lineages, immune escape, and vaccine effectivity DOI Open Access

Yongbing Zhou,

Hui‐Lin Zhi,

Yong Teng

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

As of November 2021, several SARS-CoV-2 variants appeared and became dominant epidemic strains in many countries, including five concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron defined by the World Health Organization during COVID-19 pandemic. August 2022, is classified into main lineages, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5 some sublineages (BA.1.1, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.75, BA.4.6) (https://www.gisaid.org/). Compared to previous VOCs (Alpha, Delta), all lineages have most highly mutations spike protein, with 50 accumulated throughout genome. Early data indicated that BA.2 sublineage had higher infectivity more immune escape than early wild-type (WT) strain, VOCs, BA.1. Recently, global surveillance suggest a transmissibility BA.4/BA.5 BA.1.1 becoming strain countries globally.

Language: Английский

Citations

132
Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2? DOI Open Access
Manish Dhawan, AbdulRahman A. Saied, Saikat Mitra

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 113522 - 113522

Published: Aug. 15, 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.

Language: Английский

Citations

93
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Implications on Immune Escape, Vaccination, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies DOI Creative Commons
Nur Zawanah Zabidi, Hern Liang Liew, Isra Ahmad Farouk

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 944 - 944

Published: April 10, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a lower fatality rate than its SARS and MERS counterparts. However, the rapid evolution of has given rise to multiple variants varying pathogenicity transmissibility, such as Delta Omicron variants. Individuals advanced age or underlying comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular diseases, are at higher risk increased disease severity. Hence, this resulted in an urgent need for development better therapeutic preventive approaches. This review describes origin human coronaviruses, particularly well sub-variants. Risk factors that contribute severity implications co-infections also considered. In addition, various antiviral strategies against COVID-19, novel repurposed drugs targeting viral host proteins, immunotherapeutic strategies, discussed. We critically evaluate current emerging vaccines their efficacy, immune evasion new impact on diagnostic testing examined. Collectively, global research public health authorities, along all sectors society, prepare upcoming future coronavirus outbreaks.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World DOI Creative Commons

Mickensone Andre,

Lee-Seng Lau,

Marissa D. Pokharel

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is prone to mutations and generation of genetic variants. Since its first outbreak in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continually evolved, resulting emergence several lineages variants concern (VOC) have gained more efficient transmission, severity, immune evasion properties. The World Health Organization given these names according letters Greek Alphabet, starting with Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, which emerged 2020, followed by Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529) This review explores variation among different VOCs how made a global impact on pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Linear versus cubic regression models for analyzing generalized reverse degree based topological indices of certain latest corona treatment drug molecules DOI
Micheal Arockiaraj, A. Berin Greeni,

AR. Abul Kalaam

et al.

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(16)

Published: April 28, 2023

Abstract The major challenges encountered by medical researchers in developing new drugs are time consumption, increased cost, establishing a safety profile for the drugs, poor solubility, and inadequate experimental data. In its theoretical aspects, chemical graph theory plays vital role drug design development analyzing structural parameters of molecules. Topological indices aim at mathematical representation molecular structure, which is used to analyze effectiveness enhance process. this study, we consider certain recently such as dexamethasone, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, ivermectin, ribavirin, baricitinib, favipiravir, duvelisib, L‐ascorbic acid, sofosbuvir, remdesivir, pioglitazone omicron, delta other variants coronaviruses. For these molecules, propose generalized form reverse degree compute their associated topological with limiting behaviors. We undertake QSPR study on potential reverse‐degree using linear cubic regression models.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions DOI Creative Commons

Rashmi Rana,

Ravi Kant,

Rohit Singh Huirem

et al.

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 127204 - 127204

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

67