Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress‐ and aging‐related diseases

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 630 - 703

Published: Oct. 25, 2020

Abstract Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, survival living organisms in stress. The aim this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used various traditional medical systems (TMS) conventional medicine provide modern rationale for their use treatment stress‐induced aging‐related disorders. have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on neuroendocrine‐immune system, which explain wide range conditions. They exhibit biphasic dose‐effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress‐mimetics, activate adaptive stress‐response signaling pathways cope with severe That is line preventing premature aging maintain good health vitality. However, potential adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment stress diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations unique due synergistic interactions not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress field needs focus discovering new based concepts. Robust rigorous approaches including network pharmacology could help analyzing and, more broadly, future uses adaptogens. In conclusion, evolution concept has led back basics TMS level understanding holistic approach. It provides diseases.

Language: Английский

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Medicinal plants from the 14th edition of the Russian Pharmacopoeia, recent updates

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 113685 - 113685

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Inhalation Aromatherapy via Brain-Targeted Nasal Delivery: Natural Volatiles or Essential Oils on Mood Disorders

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 12, 2022

Mood disorders, also often referred to as affective are a group of psychiatric illnesses that severely impact mood and its related functions. The high medical expenditures have placed significant financial burden on patients their families. Aromatherapy is an alternative complementary treatment utilizes essential oils (EOs) or volatile (VOs) achieve major therapeutic goals. In general, EOs chemicals enter the body primarily through skin absorption and/or nasal inhalation. addition, they can work oral administration. Inhalation aromatherapy has shown unique advantages for treating especially depression, anxiety mental disorders such sleep disorder, which been validated over last decade clinical animal studies. Accumulating evidence VOs bypass blood-brain barrier target brain tissue nasal-brain pathway. Subsequently, act cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system in improve symptoms anxiety, depression quality. Here, we review natural aromatic plants’ volatiles used commonly adjuncts manage illustrate mechanisms inhalation aromatherapy, mainly summarized application transnasal disorders. We conclude does not cause side-effects, vastly different from psychotropic drugs. via brain-targeted delivery offers potentially efficacious merits further study.

Language: Английский

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Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4772 - 4772

Published: March 1, 2023

Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient significantly affects ability function have satisfying family, social professional life. requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy depression long-term process associated risk numerous adverse drug effects, much attention paid alternative therapy methods, phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies previous clinical confirm antidepressant activity active compounds plants, such St. John’s wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm lavender, less known European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree magnolia bark. The these plants exert antidepressive effects similar mechanisms those found synthetic antidepressants. description phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake oxidase complex, agonistic antagonistic on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it noteworthy anti-inflammatory effect also important mentioned above light hypothesis immunological disorders CNS are significant pathogenetic factor narrative review results from traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses pathophysiology, symptomatology treatment depression, particular focus role phytopharmacology its provides action revealed experimental ingredients isolated herbal antidepressants selected confirming their effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 303 - 328

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, C-K, etc.) refer to a group of dammarane triterpenoids that exist in low natural abundance, mostly produced by deglycosylation or side chain modification via physicochemical processing metabolic transformation gut, and last but not least, exhibited potent biological activity comparing the primary ginsenosides, which lead high concern both research development ginseng ginsenoside-related nutraceutical products. Nevertheless, comprehensive review on these promising compounds is available yet. Review In this review, recent advances (RGs) were summarized dealing with structurally diverse characteristics, traditional usage, drug discovery situation, clinical application, pharmacological effects underlying mechanisms, structure-activity relationship, toxicity, stereochemistry properties, production strategies. Key Scientific Concepts A total 144 RGs skeletons bioactivities isolated from Panax species. acted as ligands some specific receptors, such bile acid steroid hormone adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors. The showed including immunoregulatory adaptogen-like effect, anti-aging anti-tumor well their cardiovascular cerebrovascular system, central nervous obesity diabetes, interaction gut microbiota. Clinal trials indicated potential RGs, while quality data remains inadequate, no obvious was founded. properties induced at C (20) also addressed pharmacodynamics behaviors, together state-of-art analytical strategies for identification saponin stereoisomers. Finally, batch preparation targeted designated heating acid/ alkaline-assisted processes, enzymatic biotransformation biosynthesis discussed. Hopefully, present can provide more clues extensive understanding future in-depth originated worldwide recognized plants.

Language: Английский

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Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of COVID‐19: Implications for research and clinical practice

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 3013 - 3031

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

In times of health crisis, including the current COVID-19 pandemic, potential benefit botanical drugs and supplements emerges as a focus attention, although controversial efficacy claims are rightly concern. Phytotherapy has an established role in everyday self-care care, but, since preparations contain many chemical constituents rather than single compounds, challenges arise demonstrating safety. However, there is ample traditional, empirical, clinical evidence that botanicals can offer some protection alleviation disease symptoms well promoting general well-being. Newly emerging viral infections, specifically COVID-19, represent unique challenge their novelty absence antiviral treatment or immunization. We discuss here roles limitations phytotherapy helping to prevent address especially regarding effects on immune response. Botanicals with documented immunomodulatory, immunostimulatory, antiinflammatory include adaptogens, Boswellia spp., Curcuma longa, Echinacea Glycyrrhiza medicinal fungi, Pelargonium sidoides, salicylate-yielding herbs, Sambucus spp. further provide perspective applications safety these herbs prevention, onset, progression, convalescence from respiratory infections.

Language: Английский

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Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2861 - 2861

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance body’s stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption. Extracts from Panax ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, and Schisandra chinensis considered be naturally occurring adaptogens and, in particular, adaptogens. The aim of this study is evaluate use past now, as well outline prospects their future applications. natural by humans has a rich history—they used recovery illness, weakness, memory impairment, other conditions. About 50 years ago, were first professional sports due high potential increase resistance stress improve endurance. Although now many people take adaptogens, clinical trials on human limited. data meta-analysis showed could provide number benefits treatment chronic fatigue, cognitive immune protection. In future, there great register medicinal products contain for therapeutic purposes.

Language: Английский

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BaZiBuShen alleviates altered testicular morphology and spermatogenesis and modulates Sirt6/P53 and Sirt6/NF-κB pathways in aging mice induced by D-galactose and NaNO2

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 271, P. 113810 - 113810

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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Aqueous extract of Paeoniae Radix Alba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by tunning the intestinal physical barrier, immune responses, and microbiota

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 115365 - 115365

Published: May 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Triterpene Saponins from Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 3614 - 3614

Published: April 21, 2023

The roots of the medicinal plant Aralia elata are rich in biologically active natural products, with triterpene saponins constituting one their major groups. These metabolites can be efficiently extracted by methanol and ethanol. Due to low toxicity, deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were recently proposed as promising alternative extractants for isolation products from plants. However, although NADES-based extraction protocols becoming common routine phytochemical work, application has not yet been addressed. Therefore, here, we address potential NADES A. elata. For this purpose, previously reported recoveries Araliacea experiments seven different acid-based addressed a targeted LC-MS-based quantitative approach for, best our knowledge, first time. Thereby, 20 annotated exact mass characteristic fragmentation patterns total root material, bark core RP-UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS, 9 them being identified Triterpene successfully all tested NADES, highest efficiency (both terms numbers individual analytes) achieved using 1:1 mixture choline chloride malic acid, well 1:3 lactic acid. 13 metabolites, more efficient comparison water Our results indicate that new, protocols, giving access high saponins, might employed laboratory practice. Thus, data open prospect replacing alcohols roots.

Language: Английский

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