The Biological and Molecular Action of Ozone and Its Derivatives: State-of-the-Art, Enhanced Scenarios, and Quality Insights

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8465 - 8465

Published: May 9, 2023

The ultimate objective of this review is to encourage a multi-disciplinary and integrated methodological approach that, starting from the recognition some current uncertainties, helps deepen molecular bases ozone treatment effects on human animal well-being optimize their performance in terms reproducibility results, quality, safety. In fact, common therapeutic treatments are normally documented by healthcare professionals’ prescriptions. same applies medicinal gases (whose uses based pharmacological effects) that intended for patients treatment, diagnostic, or preventive purposes have been produced inspected accordance with good manufacturing practices pharmacopoeia monographs. On contrary, it responsibility professionals, who thoughtfully choose use as product, achieve following objectives: (i) understand basis mechanism action; (ii) adjust according clinical responses obtained principles precision medicine personalized therapy; (iii) ensure all quality standards.

Language: Английский

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Potential Therapeutic Targets to Modulate the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4050 - 4050

Published: April 5, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative (NDD), is characterized by chronic neuronal cell death through progressive loss of cognitive function. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are considered hallmarks AD pathology. Different therapeutic approaches approved Food Drug Administration can only target a single altered pathway instead various mechanisms that involved in pathology, resulting limited symptomatic relief almost no effect slowing down progression. Growing evidence on modulating components endocannabinoid system (ECS) proclaimed their neuroprotective effects reducing neurochemical alterations preventing cellular dysfunction. Recent studies mouse models have reported inhibitors fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) monoacylglycerol (MAGL), hydrolytic enzymes for N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), respectively, might be promising candidates as therapeutical intervention. The FAAH MAGL alone or combination seem to produce neuroprotection reversing deficits along with Aβ-induced responses, death, delaying Their exact signaling need elucidated understanding brain intrinsic repair mechanism. aim this review was shed light physiology pathophysiology summarize experimental data roles inhibitors. In review, we also included CB1R CB2R modulators diverse modulate ECS mediated responses such anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory actions AD. Future research would provide directions molecular development new interventions treatment

Language: Английский

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Cannabis for Chronic Pain: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Challenges

Stresses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 7 - 7

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Chronic pain represents a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, significantly compromising their quality life. The conventional approach to treating this type often relies on the use opioid analgesics anti-inflammatory drugs. While these agents are effective in short term, they present several limitations, including risk dependence, severe side effects, and, some cases, ineffectiveness reducing pain. In context, medical cannabis has emerged as promising therapeutic alternative, given its potential ability relieve effectively with favorable safety profile. This work aims provide comprehensive up-to-date review existing literature effects treatment chronic Cannabis sativa contains pharmacologically active compounds, most prominent which delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) cannabidiol (CBD), interact body’s endocannabinoid system, thereby modulating response. Clinical evidence shown cannabinoids can reduce intensity pain, particularly cases neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, other painful conditions unresponsive treatments. However, full integration into clinical practice faces significant obstacles, need for standardized dosing, long-term data, regulatory frameworks. These issues, alongside concerns over adverse drug interactions, must be addressed unlock cannabinoids, patients, who endure both physical suffering added burden stress.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between the endocannabinoid and mid-brain dopaminergic systems: Implication in dopamine dysregulation

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: March 16, 2023

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and the expanded endocannabinoid system (ECS)-“endocannabinoidome”, consists of endogenous ligands, eCBs, their canonical non-canonical receptor subtypes, synthesizing metabolizing enzymes. This modulates a wide range body functions acts as retrograde signaling within central nervous (CNS) by inhibition classical transmitters, plays vital modulatory function on dopamine, major neurotransmitter in CNS. Dopamine is involved different behavioral processes contributes to brain disorders—including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, drug addiction. After synthesis neuronal cytosol, dopamine packaged into synaptic vesicles until released extracellular signals. Calcium dependent activation results vesicular release interacts with systems. The ECS, among others, regulation interaction occurs either through direct or indirect mechanisms. cross-talk between ECS dopaminergic has important influence various dopamine-related neurobiological pathologic conditions investigating this might help identify therapeutic targets options disorders CNS associated dysregulation.

Language: Английский

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Phytochemical Constituents and Derivatives of Cannabis sativa; Bridging the Gap in Melanoma Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 859 - 859

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Melanoma is deadly, physically impairing, and has ongoing treatment deficiencies. Current regimens include surgery, targeted kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, combined approaches. Each of these treatments face pitfalls, with diminutive five-year survival in patients advanced metastatic invasion lymph secondary organ tissues. Polyphenolic compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids; both natural synthetic, have emerging evidence nutraceutical, cosmetic pharmacological potential, specific anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, palliative utility. Cannabis sativa a wellspring medicinal compounds whose direct adjunctive application may offer considerable relief for melanoma suffers worldwide. This review aims to address the diverse applications C. sativa’s biocompounds scope suggest it as strong candidate evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis for COVID-19: Can Cannabinoids Quell the Cytokine Storm?

Future Science OA, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(8)

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Potential Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 14, 2022

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the two canonical receptor subtypes; type-1 cannabinoid (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), endocannabinoids (eCBs) enzymes responsible for synthesis degradation eCBs. Recently, with identification additional lipid mediators, receptors, expanded ECS called endocannabinoidome (eCBome) has been identified recognized. Activation CB1R associated a plethora physiological effects some central nervous (CNS) side effects, whereas, CB2R activation devoid such hence CB2Rs might be utilized as potential new targets treatment different disorders including neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies suggested that were absent in brain they considered peripheral however, recent confirmed presence regions. Several have now focused on characterization its pathological roles. Studies done role therapeutic target treating revealed important putative requires further clinical validation. Here we provide current insights knowledge targeting neurodegenerative Its non-psychoactive effect makes CNS disorders; better understanding fundamental pharmacology essential design novel strategies.

Language: Английский

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Inflammasomes as mediators of inflammation in HIV-1 infection

Translational research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 252, P. 1 - 8

Published: July 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids-Promising Antimicrobial Drugs or Intoxicants with Benefits?

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 297 - 297

Published: June 2, 2020

Novel antimicrobial drugs are urgently needed to counteract the increasing occurrence ofbacterial resistance. Extracts of Cannabis sativa have been used for treatment several diseasessince ancient times. However, its phytocannabinoid constituents predominantly associated withpsychotropic effects and medical applications far beyond infections. It has beendemonstrated that cannabinoids show potent activity against primarily Grampositivebacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As first in vivoefficacy demonstrated recently, it is time discuss whether promisingantimicrobial drug candidates or overhyped intoxicants with benefits.

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 3000 - 3000

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are proteinopathies characterized by accumulation specific protein aggregates in brain. Such misfolded can trigger modulation innate adaptive immune systems subsequently lead to chronic neuroinflammation that drives onset progression diseases. Since there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment, new therapeutic targets for have been sought. The endocannabinoid system, particular cannabinoid CB2 receptors, extensively studied, due their important role neuroinflammation, especially microglial cells. Several studies shown promising effects receptor activation on reducing aggregation-based pathology as well attenuating inflammation several dementia-related symptoms. In this review, we discuss available data receptors potential benefits limitations agonists these therapy proteinopathies.

Language: Английский

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