Interconnections between circadian clocks and metabolism

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(15)

Published: Aug. 1, 2021

Circadian rhythms evolved through adaptation to daily light/dark changes in the environment; they are believed be regulated by core circadian clock interlocking feedback loop. Recent studies indicate that each component executes general and specific functions metabolism. Here, we review current understanding of role these genes regulation metabolism using various genetically modified animal models. Additionally, emerging evidence shows exposure environmental stimuli, such as artificial light, unbalanced diet, mistimed eating, exercise, remodels physiological processes causes metabolic disorders. This Review summarizes reciprocal between metabolism, highlights remaining gaps knowledge about examines potential applications human health disease.

Language: Английский

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Circadian Rhythms, Disease and Chronotherapy

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 503 - 531

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles sleep/wake, hormone release, metabolism. The adaptive value is evident when internal body daily environmental mismatched, such as in the case shift work jet lag or even mistimed eating, all which associated with physiological disruption disease. Studies animal human models have also unraveled an important role functional circadian modulating cellular organismal responses to cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus parasite infections), medical interventions medication). With growing knowledge molecular underlying pathophysiology, it becoming possible target for disease prevention treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances research potential therapeutic applications take patient into account treating

Language: Английский

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The Circadian Clock, Shift Work, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance

Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 161(12)

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern. The prevalence of obesity T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. An accepted hypothesis that the increased risk for metabolic problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, is, out synchrony with biological clock. clock part internal circadian timing system, which controls not only sleep/wake feeding/fasting cycle, but also many processes body, including our involved glucose homeostasis. Rodent studies shown phase endogenous results desynchronization between rhythms central peripheral systems different tissue clocks (eg, liver muscle clock). Glucose homeostasis complex process involves multiple organs. In healthiest situation, functional these organs are synchronized. We hypothesize metabolically active contributes alterations Here we summarize most recent information on due work shifted food intake patterns introduce concept phenotypic flexibility, validated test assess contribution each organ insulin resistance (IR) humans. propose this as way provide further insight into possible clocks. Because types IR benefit therapeutic approaches, describe chronotherapeutic strategies promote within

Language: Английский

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Exercise training elicits superior metabolic effects when performed in the afternoon compared to morning in metabolically compromised humans

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(24)

Published: Dec. 23, 2020

The circadian clock and metabolism are tightly intertwined. Hence, the specific timing of interventions that target metabolic changes may affect their efficacy. Here we retrospectively compared health effects morning versus afternoon exercise training in metabolically compromised subjects enrolled a 12-week program. Thirty-two adult males (58 ± 7 yrs) at risk for or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes performed 12 weeks supervised either (8.00-10.00 a.m., N = 12) (3.00-6.00 p.m., 20). Compared to participants who trained morning, experienced superior beneficial on peripheral insulin sensitivity (+5.2 6.4 vs. -0.5 5.4 μmol/min/kgFFM, p .03), insulin-mediated suppression adipose tissue lipolysis (-4.5 13.7% +5.9 11%, .04), fasting plasma glucose levels (-0.3 1.0 +0.5 0.8 mmol/l, .02), performance (+0.40 0.2 +0.2 0.1 W/kg, .05) fat mass (-1.2 1.3 -0.2 kg, .03). In addition, also tended elicit basal hepatic output (p .057). Our findings suggest reap more pronounced benefits from when this is morning. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV ID: NCT01317576.

Language: Английский

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The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(9), P. 2061 - 2076

Published: May 19, 2021

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We determined whether the time of day exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate effects consumption a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics. Methods In this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media community advertisements. Eligibility criteria participation male sex, age 30–45 years, BMI 27.0–35.0 kg/m 2 sedentary lifestyle. The main exclusion known CVD or type diabetes, taking prescription medications, shift-work. After 5 days, participants allocated using computer random generator to either morning (06:30 hours), evening (18:30 hours) no subsequent researchers not blinded group assignment. Changes metabolites, circulating lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, BP, control (from continuous glucose monitoring) compared between groups. Results Twenty-five n = 9; 8; 8) 24 completed study included analyses ( 8 per group). Five days induced marked perturbations metabolites related lipid amino acid metabolism. Exercise had smaller impact than changes only was able partly reverse some HFD-induced metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour concentrations lower after with participants’ habitual (5.3 ± 0.4 5.6 mmol/l, p 0.001). There significant h but nocturnal levels observed who trained evening, when they alone (4.9 5.3 0.3 0.04). Compared no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved both (estimated effect 1.3 ml min −1 kg [95% CI 0.5, 2.0], 0.003) 1.4 0.6, 2.2], Fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol LDL-cholesterol decreased training. unintended adverse effects. Conclusions/interpretation A short-term substantial alterations lipid- acid-related metabolites. Improvements fitness similar regardless However, improvements partial reversal metabolic profiles evening. Trial registration anzctr.org.au no. ACTRN12617000304336. Funding This funded by Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493). Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Stay Fit, Stay Young: Mitochondria in Movement: The Role of Exercise in the New Mitochondrial Paradigm

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019, P. 1 - 18

Published: June 19, 2019

Skeletal muscles require the proper production and distribution of energy to sustain their work. To ensure this requirement is met, mitochondria form large networks within skeletal muscle cells, during exercise, they can enhance functions. In present review, we discuss recent findings on exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations. We emphasize importance biogenesis, morphological changes, increases in respiratory supercomplex formation as mechanisms triggered by exercise that may increase function muscles. Finally, highlight possible effects nutraceutical compounds performance outline use a therapeutic tool noncommunicable disease prevention. The resulting picture shows modulation activity not only fundamental for physical but also key point whole-organism well-being.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Exercise Training: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 256 - 270

Published: July 31, 2020

Abstract The beneficial effects of physical activity on the cardiovascular system nowadays have achieved relevance clinical evidence. In fact, several studies documented benefits exercise training in prevention risk. Abnormalities insulin signaling transduction account for impairment sensitivity and development resistance, which, turn, is responsible enhancement Insulin related to degree activity, has been shown ameliorate action insulin-resistant subjects. This effect mediated by improvement molecular abnormalities that are contributing this way restore physiological sensitivity. However, it should be underlined mechanisms phenomenon extremely complex still unclear. Further required better clarify basis exercise-evoked signal.

Language: Английский

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Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Diabetes Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 707 - 732

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Exercise is considered a cornerstone in achieving an optimized blood glucose level and reducing body weight, mass index (BMI), waist circumference. This study aimed to investigate quantitatively summarize the literature regarding therapeutic effects of exercise general physical activity on glycemic control.A systematic review meta-analysis control patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type DM) were conducted using electronic databases. Studies intervention lasting more than 8 weeks included. Both qualitative quantitative analyses performed. Qualitative data presented narratively table form. Quantitative analysis was performed random-effects model 95% confidence interval significance 0.05. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale Cochrane Risk Bias (RoB2) tool used assess quality evidence risk bias.A total 21,559 articles identified through different Out 21559 studies, only 32 randomized controlled trials deemed eligible for inclusion this study. average session 45.15 min, while follow-up duration 21.94 weeks. mean frequency according our findings 3.25 days/week. Almost all studies reported decreases glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P < 0.0001), fasting (P = 0.03), BMI 0.04), circumference 0.007) after intervention.Exercise plays important role optimizing improving life (QoL), BMI, DM patients. could be safe adjunct therapy medical treatments these patients.PROSPERO: CRD42020210816.

Language: Английский

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Exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 98 - 111

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 461 - 471

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on timing activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations breaks in sedentary time and with liver fat content insulin resistance a Dutch cohort. Methods In 775 participants Netherlands Epidemiology Obesity (NEO) study, assessed time, different intensities using sensors, by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( n =256). Participants were categorised as being most active morning (06:00–12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00–18:00 hours) or evening (18:00–00:00 engaging moderate-to-vigorous-physical (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout day. Most certain block was defined spending majority (%) total daily MVPA block. between HOMA-IR linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic lifestyle factors including body fat. Associations additionally MVPA. Results The (42% men) had mean (SD) age 56 (4) years BMI 26.2 (4.1) kg/m 2 . Total not associated resistance, whereas amount higher content. (−5%/h [95% CI −10%/h, 0%/h]) reduced but Compared who an even distribution day, similar (−3% −25%, 16%]) those morning, it (−18% −33%, −2%]) (−25% −49%, −4%]). Conclusions/interpretation number lower resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous reduction up to 25% Further studies should assess whether is also important occurrence type diabetes. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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