Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 79 - 79

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, healthy individuals’ skin. In 50% of population, C. part normal flora microbiota. The various clinical manifestations species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases involve multiple organ systems are life-threatening. From systemic local hereditary environmental, diverse factors lead disturbances in Candida’s homeostasis, resulting transition pathogenic opportunistic infections. pathophysiology onset progression infection also influenced by virulence traits development candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has wide manifestations, divided into primary secondary main supply body located infections occurs due dysbiosis residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, damage muco-intestinal barrier. presence blood associated with candidemia–invasive relationship exists as long there balance between host system albicans. This paper presents specific

Language: Английский

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Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1614 - 1614

Published: June 19, 2023

Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix attaches to foreign surfaces a living organism. frequently leads nosocomial, chronic infections clinical settings. Since the bacteria biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone treat brought on by ineffective. This review provides succinct summary theories behind composition of, formation drug-resistant attributed cutting-edge curative approaches counteract biofilm. The high frequency medical device-induced due warrants application innovative technologies manage complexities presented

Language: Английский

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Natural Anti-biofilm Agents: Strategies to Control Biofilm-Forming Pathogens

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 29, 2020

Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections not easy to treat due resident multidrug-resistant microbes. Low efficiency of various treatments in-vivo toxicity available antibiotics drives the researchers towards discovery many effective natural anti-biofilm agents. Natural extracts, product-based agents more efficient than chemically synthesized counterparts with lesser side effects. The present review primarily focuses on agents, i.e. phytochemicals, biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides microbial enzymes along sources, mechanism action via interfering quorum-sensing pathways, disruption extracellular polymeric substance, adhesion inhibitory concentrations existing literature so far. This study provides a better understanding that particular molecule exhibit different mode actions biofilm activity against one pathogenic species. information can be exploited further improve therapeutic strategy by combination compounds from diverse sources.

Language: Английский

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Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 6, 2023

Bacterial biofilms are complex microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances. Their formation is a multi-step process. Biofilms significant problem treating bacterial infections and one of the main reasons for persistence infections. They can exhibit increased resistance to classical antibiotics cause disease through device-related non-device (tissue) -associated infections, posing severe threat global health issues. Therefore, early detection search new alternative treatments essential suppressing biofilm-associated In this paper, we systematically reviewed biofilms, associated methods, potential treatment strategies, aiming provide researchers with latest progress biofilms.

Language: Английский

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Combating Implant Infections: Shifting Focus from Bacteria to Host

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(43)

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Abstract The widespread use of biomaterials to support or replace body parts is increasingly threatened by the risk implant‐associated infections. In quest for finding novel anti‐infective biomaterials, there generally has been a one‐sided focus on with direct antibacterial properties, which leads excessive agents, compromised host responses, and unpredictable effectiveness in vivo. This review sheds light how immunomodulation, rather than only targeting bacteria, can endow improved properties. How surface treatments are at be undermined biomaterial features that dysregulate protection normally provided critical immune cell subsets, namely, neutrophils macrophages, discussed. Accordingly, precise modification biophysical cues, incorporation immunomodulatory drug delivery systems, render necessary immune‐compatible immune‐protective properties potentiate defense mechanisms reviewed. Within this context, protective role peptides, metallic particles, quorum sensing inhibitors, therapeutic adjuvants highlighted strategies may lay foundation develop while mitigating increasing threat resistance.

Language: Английский

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Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies

Microbial Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 28 - 56

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increasingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along composition regulation emphasis laid the intensively studied of

Language: Английский

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The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2022

The human oral cavity provides a habitat for microbial communities. complexity of its anatomical structure, connectivity to the outside, and moist environment contribute ecological site specificity microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous exogenous factors affect occurrence development microbiota, maintain it in dynamic balance. dysbiotic state, which composition is altered microecological balance between host microorganisms disturbed, can lead even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss current research on influencing it, relationships with common We focus microbiota at different niches cavity, communities microbiome, mycobiome, virome within biofilms, interventions targeting pathogens associated disease. With these data, aim extend our understanding provide new ideas clinical management infectious

Language: Английский

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Bacteria as an alternate biofactory for carotenoid production: A review of its applications, opportunities and challenges

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 103867 - 103867

Published: March 4, 2020

Carotenoid has gained a reputation amongst researchers for its robust antioxidant capabilities. This review reasons the inevitability of carotenoid larger role than just dietary supplements. In an era dominated by chemical or plant-derived carotenoid, bacterial provides compelling forte to be exploited as promising alternative. Bacteria are amazingly resourceful beings; however, their low content makes them undesirable commercial applications. Here, we have reviewed applications strong prophylactic agent in health sector with myriad Additionally, various measures augmenting yield through new-age technologies, like sequential nutrition starvation, induction accumulation microbial cells employing several stress factors, and construction hyper-carotenoid producing strains genetic engineering creating proficient producers been offered. Finally, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities Threats) analysis presented perceive significance four major components involved commercialisation.

Language: Английский

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Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 19, 2021

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between their environments, protection against hostile conditions dehydration, the alleviation action toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, pancreatic metal ions, antibiotics), stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), evasion immune response phage attack. Bacterial EPSs considered valuable food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical industries, owing to health-promoting benefits rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported unusual antimicrobial activities various wide pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi). This review aims provide comprehensive examination in vitro vivo different EPSs, mainly foodborne bacterial, fungal, viral pathogens. The mechanism these pathogens well methods used measure critically reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial defences: mechanisms, evolution and antimicrobial resistance

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 519 - 534

Published: April 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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