Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Citrus limon Zest Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2013 - 2013

Published: June 10, 2022

The current work concentrated on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through use aqueous Citruslimon zest extract, optimizing different experimental factors required for formation and stability AgNPs. preparation was confirmed by observation color change mixture nitrate, after addition plant from yellow to a reddish-brown colloidal suspension established detecting surface plasmon resonance band at 535.5 nm, utilizing UV-Visible analysis. optimum conditions were found be 1 mM nitrate concentration, 1:9 ratio extract mixture, 4 h incubation period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum indicated that phytochemicals compounds present in Citrus limon had fundamental effect production AgNPs as bio-reducing agent. morphology, size, elemental composition investigated zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering (DLS), SEM, EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, which showed crystalline spherical nanoparticles. In addition, antimicrobial antioxidant properties this bioactive nanoparticle also investigated. excellent antibacterial activity against one Gram-negative pathogens bacteria, Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, well antifungal Candida albicans. obtained results indicate is significant. This can used biomedical pharmacological fields.

Language: Английский

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Invasive candidiasis

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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The mycobiome in human cancer: analytical challenges, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The polymorphic microbiome is considered a new hallmark of cancer. Advances in High-Throughput Sequencing have fostered rapid developments research. interaction between cancer cells, immune and microbiota defined as the immuno-oncology (IOM) axis. Fungal microbes (the mycobiome), although representing only ∼ 0.1-1% microbiome, are critical immunologically active component tumor microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests possible involvement commensal pathogenic fungi initiation, progression, treatment responsiveness. tumor-associated mycobiome mainly consists gut mycobiome, oral intratumoral mycobiome. However, role remains poorly understood, diversity complexity analytical methods make it challenging to access this field. This review aims elucidate causal complicit roles development progression while highlighting issues that need be addressed executing such We systematically summarize advantages limitations current fungal detection analysis methods. enumerate integrate these recent findings into our understanding accompanied by prospect novel exhilarating clinical implications.

Language: Английский

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A Critical Review on Sustainable Formulation of Anti-quorum Sensing Compounds Using Nanotechnology Principles Against Candida albicans

BioNanoScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Immunity to Invasive Fungal Diseases

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 121 - 141

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Invasive fungal diseases are rare in individuals with intact immunity. This, together the fact that there only a few species account for most mycotic diseases, implies remarkable natural resistance to pathogenic fungi. Mammalian immunity fungi rests on two pillars, powerful immune mechanisms and elevated temperatures create thermal restriction zone species. Conditions associated increased susceptibility generally reflect major disturbances of function involving both cellular humoral innate adaptive arms, which considerable redundancy host defense against In general, tissue invasion is controlled through either neutrophil or granulomatous inflammation, depending Neutrophils critical Candida spp. Aspergillus while macrophages essential controlling mycoses due Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma other The increasing number immunocompromised patients climate change could significantly increase prevalence diseases.

Language: Английский

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Candida albicans the main opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans

Revista Argentina de Microbiología, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 189 - 198

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Candida albicans is a commensal of the mammalian microbiome and primary pathogenic fungus humans. It becomes severe health problem in immunocompromised patients can cause wide variety mucosal systemic infections. The interaction between C. host cells characterized by expression virulence factors such as adhesins invasins, secretion hydrolytic enzymes, transition from yeast to filamentous hyphae form, ability form biofilms; these features collectively result cell adhesion, invasion, damage. This review describes complex interactions with cellular events that it triggers environment. We also immune response induced antigens mechanisms developed this avoid action antifungal agents. es un comensal del microbioma de mamíferos y el principal hongo patógeno humanos. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos se convierte en grave problema salud por causar una amplia variedad infecciones mucosas sistémicas. La interacción entre las células huésped lleva la expresión factores virulencia, como adhesinas e invasinas, secreción enzimas hidrolíticas transición levadura hifa filamentosa, capaz para formar biopelículas, lo que genera adherencia, invasión daño celular. esta revisión describimos compleja con célula los eventos celulares ejecuta ambiente patogénico. También revisa respuesta inmunitaria inducida antígenos mecanismos desarrollados este evitar acción agentes antifúngicos.

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Virulence Factors of Candida spp. and Host Immune Response Important in the Pathogenesis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 5895 - 5895

Published: May 24, 2022

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common types vaginal infections in women around world and often underestimated by both patients doctors. Research on pathogenesis fungal over last 20 years has resulted a closer understanding virulence factors involved Candida epithelial invasion their mechanisms action. Recently, attention was drawn to enormous complexity interaction between yeast-like fungi host cells, as well level host’s response infection impact course treatment VVC. Our work provides broad description already known some new reports (such phenotypic switching or biofilm formation capacity) importance for tissue At same time, we also focus interactions with cells local innate immune that are now considered equally important this case. The presented review describes aspects still unknown pathogenicity associated infections.

Language: Английский

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Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern ofCandidaspecies from mainland China: A systematic analysis

Virulence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 1573 - 1589

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

Antifungal resistance to Candida pathogens increases morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressive patients, an emerging crisis worldwide. Understanding the prevalence antifungal susceptibility pattern is necessary control treat candidiasis. We aimed systematically analyse profiles species published in last ten years (December 2011 December 2021) from mainland China. The studies were collected PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct search engines. Out 89 included studies, a total 44,716 isolates collected, mainly comprising C. albicans (49.36%), tropicalis (21.89%), parapsilosis (13.92%), glabrata (11.37%). lowest was detected for azole group; fluconazole susceptibilities against parapsilosis, albicans, glabrata, tropicalis, guilliermondii, pelliculosa, auris 93.25%, 91.6%, 79.4%, 77.95%, 76%, 50%, 0% respectively. Amphotericin B anidulafungin most susceptible drugs all species. Resistance linked with mutations ERG11, ERG3, ERG4, MRR1-2, MSH-2, PDR-1 genes. Mutation FKS-1 FKS-2 causing echinocandins stated two studies. Gaps studies' characteristics detected, such as 79.77%, 47.19 %, 26.97%, 7.86%, 4.49% did not mention rates, age, gender, breakpoint reference guidelines, fungal identification method, current study demonstrates overall species, gaps surveillance risk-reduction strategies that could be supportive candidiasis therapy researchers their future

Language: Английский

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Limonene inhibits virulence associated traits in Candida albicans: In-vitro and in-silico studies

Phytomedicine Plus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 100285 - 100285

Published: April 19, 2022

: Multidrug resistance and undesirable side effects of currently available antifungal drugs, has made treatment Candidiasis difficult in immunocompromised patients. Limonene, commonly found citrus essential oils, immense therapeutic potential. Efficacy this monoterpene was studied against virulence attributes C. albicans. Percentage haemolysis, susceptibility, time kill studies, secretion hydrolytic enzymes, morphological transition, adhesion biofilm formation (XTT reduction assay, scanning electron microscopic calcofluor white stained fluorescence imaging) were the presence limonene. Molecular docking by InstaDock software followed MD simulation studies (AMBER suite) assessed limonene-protein interactions with five associated targets (Als3, Bcr1, Plb1, Sap2 Tec1). With MIC MFC values 300 µg/mL 400 µg/mL, respectively, it caused only 1% haemolysis (3 times less than fluconazole) significantly reduced to buccal epithelial cells. An incubation 9 h at 2MIC growth 100%. At MIC, proteinases phospholipases 73% 53%, respectively. Adhesion 91% 87%, Biofilm biomass formed on silicon sheets inhibited 69%. Limonene disrupted structure integrity. Filamentation, four different hyphae inducing media, reduced. Although stable hydrophobic observed all target proteins, limonene gave a good score Plb1 (−6.0 kcal/mol) Tec1 (−5.7 kcal/mol). Complexes both these proteins showed RMSD profiles except Bcr1. Conclusion: binds critical Candida pathogenicity inhibits adhesion, transition. It is nontoxic potential management invasive candidiasis.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 381 - 381

Published: March 21, 2023

Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic diseases infections. Worldwide disease incidence is increasing, new emerging appearing yearly. Reasons this increase expansion life expectancy, number immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments transplantation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases), uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), misusage medication corticosteroids broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing challenging; only four classes antifungal drugs available, resistance no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews implications in from (i.e., bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, rhinosinusitis, occupational lung diseases) infections superficial, subcutaneous, systemic infections). Topics etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment will revised improve knowledge growing concern.

Language: Английский

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