Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
40(4), P. 111137 - 111137
Published: July 1, 2022
In
addition
to
neuroprotective
strategies,
neuroregenerative
processes
could
provide
targets
for
stroke
recovery.
However,
the
upregulation
of
inhibitory
chondroitin
sulfate
proteoglycans
(CSPGs)
impedes
innate
regenerative
efforts.
Here,
we
examine
regulatory
role
PTPσ
(a
major
proteoglycan
receptor)
in
dampening
post-stroke
Use
a
receptor
modulatory
peptide
(ISP)
or
Ptprs
gene
deletion
leads
increased
neurite
outgrowth
and
enhanced
NSCs
migration
upon
CSPG
substrates.
Post-stroke
ISP
treatment
results
axonal
sprouting
as
well
neuroblast
deeply
into
lesion
scar
with
transcriptional
signature
reflective
repair.
Lastly,
(initiated
acutely
more
chronically
at
7
days)
improved
behavioral
recovery
both
motor
cognitive
functions.
Therefore,
propose
that
CSPGs
induced
by
play
predominant
regulation
neural
repair
blocking
signaling
pathways
will
lead
neurorepair
functional
stroke.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 853 - 853
Published: March 9, 2023
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
complex
tissue
resulting
in
permanent
and
degenerating
damage
to
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
Detrimental
cellular
processes
occur
after
SCI,
including
axonal
degeneration,
neuronal
loss,
neuroinflammation,
reactive
gliosis,
scar
formation.
The
glial
border
forms
segregate
neural
lesion
isolate
spreading
inflammation,
oxygen
species,
excitotoxicity
at
epicenter
preserve
surrounding
healthy
tissue.
physicochemical
barrier
composed
of
elongated
astrocytes,
fibroblasts,
microglia
secreting
chondroitin
sulfate
proteoglycans,
collogen,
dense
extra-cellular
matrix.
While
this
physiological
response
preserves
viable
tissue,
it
also
detrimental
regeneration.
To
overcome
negative
outcomes
associated
with
formation,
therapeutic
strategies
have
been
developed:
prevention
resolution
developed
scar,
cell
transplantation
into
lesion,
endogenous
reprogramming.
This
review
focuses
on
cellular/molecular
aspects
discusses
advantages
disadvantages
promote
regeneration
SCI.
NPG Asia Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Abstract
As
one
of
the
most
intractable
neurological
diseases,
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
often
leads
to
permanent
impairment
in
patients.
Unfortunately,
due
complex
pathological
mechanisms
and
unique
postinjury
microenvironment,
there
is
currently
no
way
completely
repair
injured
cord.
In
recent
years,
with
rapid
development
tissue
engineering
technology,
combination
biomaterials
medicine
has
provided
a
new
idea
for
treating
SCI.
Here,
we
systematically
summarize
representative
biomaterials,
including
natural,
synthetic,
nano,
hybrid
materials,
their
applications
SCI
treatment.
addition,
describe
several
state-of-the-art
fabrication
techniques
engineering.
Importantly,
provide
novel
insights
use
biomaterial-based
therapeutic
strategies
reduce
secondary
damage
promote
repair.
Finally,
discuss
biomaterial
clinical
studies.
This
review
aims
reference
future
exploration
regeneration
strategies.
Molecular Brain,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: July 17, 2024
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
degenerative
neurological
condition
that
gradually
impairs
cognitive
abilities,
disrupts
memory
retention,
and
impedes
daily
functioning
by
impacting
the
cells
of
brain.
A
key
characteristic
AD
accumulation
amyloid-beta
(Aβ)
plaques,
which
play
pivotal
roles
in
progression.
These
plaques
initiate
cascade
events
including
neuroinflammation,
synaptic
dysfunction,
tau
pathology,
oxidative
stress,
impaired
protein
clearance,
mitochondrial
disrupted
calcium
homeostasis.
Aβ
also
closely
associated
with
other
hallmark
features
AD,
underscoring
its
significance.
generated
through
cleavage
amyloid
precursor
(APP)
plays
dual
role
depending
on
processing
pathway.
The
non-amyloidogenic
pathway
reduces
production
has
neuroprotective
anti-inflammatory
effects,
whereas
amyloidogenic
leads
to
peptides,
Aβ40
Aβ42,
contribute
neurodegeneration
toxic
effects
AD.
Understanding
multifaceted
Aβ,
particularly
crucial
for
developing
effective
therapeutic
strategies
target
metabolism,
aggregation,
clearance
aim
mitigating
detrimental
consequences
disease.
This
review
aims
explore
mechanisms
functions
under
normal
abnormal
conditions,
examining
both
beneficial
effects.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Dec. 2, 2021
Transected
axons
are
unable
to
regenerate
after
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI).
Glial
scar
is
thought
be
responsible
for
this
failure.
Regulating
the
formation
of
glial
post-SCI
may
contribute
axonal
regrow.
Over
past
few
decades,
studies
have
found
that
interaction
between
immune
cells
at
damaged
site
results
in
a
robust
and
persistent
inflammatory
response.
Current
therapy
strategies
focus
primarily
on
inhibition
subacute
chronic
neuroinflammation
acute
response
was
executed.
Growing
evidences
documented
mesenchymal
stem
(MSCs)
engraftment
can
served
as
promising
cell
SCI.
Numerous
shown
MSCs
transplantation
inhibit
excessive
well
response,
thereby
facilitating
anatomical
functional
recovery.
Here,
we
will
review
effects
repair.
The
role
regulating
SCI
reviewed
well.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 26, 2021
Astrocytes
are
essential
for
the
development
and
homeostatic
maintenance
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
They
also
critical
players
in
CNS
injury
response
during
which
they
undergo
a
process
referred
to
as
"reactive
astrogliosis."
Diversity
astrocyte
morphology
gene
expression,
revealed
by
transcriptional
analysis,
is
well-recognized
has
been
reported
several
pathologies,
including
ischemic
stroke,
demyelination,
traumatic
injury.
This
diversity
appears
unique
specific
pathology,
with
significant
variance
across
temporal,
topographical,
age,
sex-specific
variables.
Despite
this,
there
limited
functional
data
corroborating
this
diversity.
Furthermore,
reactive
astrocytes
display
environmental-dependent
plasticity
fate-mapping
on
subsets
adult
limited,
it
remains
unclear
whether
represents
heterogeneity
or
plasticity.
As
important
neuronal
survival
function
post-injury,
establishing
what
extent
reflects
distinct
established
heterogeneous
subpopulations
vs.
environmentally
dependent
within
will
be
guiding
therapeutic
development.
To
that
end,
we
review
current
state
knowledge
context
three
representative
pathologies:
injury,
goal
identifying
key
limitations
our
suggesting
future
areas
research
needed
address
them.
We
suggest
majority
identified
pathologies
date
dynamically
changing
post-injury
environments
opposed
heterogeneity,
an
consideration
understanding
disease
pathogenesis
interventions.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Jan. 20, 2022
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
catastrophic
event
mainly
involving
neuronal
apoptosis
and
axonal
disruption,
it
causes
severe
motor
sensory
deficits.
Due
to
the
complicated
pathological
process
of
SCI,
there
currently
still
lack
effective
treatment
for
SCI.
Microglia,
type
immune
cell
residing
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
need
respond
various
stimuli
protect
cells
from
death.
It
was
also
reported
that
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
had
been
identified
microglia-derived
exosomes
can
be
taken
up
by
neurons.
However,
kinds
miRNAs
exosome
cargo
derived
microglia
underlying
mechanisms
which
they
contribute
neuroprotection
after
SCI
remain
unknown.
In
present
study,
contusive
mouse
model
vitro
experiments
were
applied
explore
therapeutic
effects
on
apoptosis,
regrowth,
functional
recovery
Then,
miRNA
analysis,
rescue
experiments,
luciferase
activity
assays
target
genes
performed
confirm
role
mechanism
exosomal
We
revealed
could
promote
neurological
suppressing
promoting
regrowth
both
vivo
vitro.
MicroRNA-151-3p
abundant
necessary
mediating
neuroprotective
effect
repair.
Luciferase
P53
gene
miR-151-3p
p53/p21/CDK1
signaling
cascades
may
involved
modulation
microRNA-151-3p.
conclusion,
our
data
demonstrated
(microglia-Exos)
might
promising,
cell-free
approach
key
molecule
mediates
treatments.
