Metabolic and Epigenetic Regulation by Estrogen in Adipocytes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Sex hormones contribute to differences between males and females in body fat distribution associated disease risk. Higher concentrations of estrogens are with a more gynoid shape storage on hips thighs rather than visceral depots. Estrogen-mediated protection against adiposity is shown post-menopausal women lower levels the reduction central observed after treatment hormone-replacement therapy. Estrogen exerts its physiological effects via estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ GPR30) target cells, including adipocytes. Studies mice indicate that protects adipose inflammation fibrosis also before onset obesity. The mechanisms involved estrogen-dependent incompletely understood, but involve, e.g., increased mTOR signaling suppression autophagy adipogenesis/lipid storage. plays key role epigenetic regulation adipogenic genes by interacting enzymes remodel DNA methylation histone tail post-translational modifications. However, studies needed map differential ER different adipocyte subtypes, those subcutaneous tissues. We here review recent discoveries ER-mediated transcriptional adipocytes, which may explain sexual dimorphisms obesity-related

Language: Английский

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Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Adipokines in Obesity Contributes to Pathogenesis, Nutritional Disorders, and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1457 - 1457

Published: March 31, 2022

Obesity is a disease which leads to the development of many other disorders. Excessive accumulation lipids in adipose tissue (AT) metabolic changes, including hypertrophy adipocytes, macrophage migration, changes composition immune cells, and impaired secretion adipokines. Adipokines are cytokines produced by AT greatly influence human health. pro-inflammatory profile adipokines lead chronic kidney (CKD) through different mechanisms. In obesity adipokine profile, there gender differences that characterize male as more susceptible disorders accompanying obesity, renal function. The relationship between two-sided. developed CKD, concentration serum additionally disturbed due their insufficient excretion excretory system caused pathology. Increased levels affect nutritional status cardiovascular risk (CVR) patients with CKD. This article aims systematize current knowledge on AT, pathogenesis CKD CVR

Language: Английский

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Adipocyte Metabolism and Health after the Menopause: The Role of Exercise

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 444 - 444

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Postmenopausal women represent an important target population in need of preventative cardiometabolic approaches. The loss estrogen following the menopause eliminates protections against metabolic dysfunction, largely due to its role health and function adipose tissue. In addition, some studies associate with reduced physical activity, which could potentially exacerbate deleterious risk profile accompanying menopause. Meanwhile, exercise has adipocyte-specific effects that may alleviate adverse impact through menopausal transition period beyond. Exercise thus remains best therapeutic agent available mitigate menopause-associated dysfunction represents a vital behavioral strategy prevent decline this population.

Language: Английский

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Interaction between ferroptosis and TNF‐α: Impact in obesity‐related osteoporosis

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(6)

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract The relationship of obesity and osteoporosis has been widely studied over the past years. However, implications for bone health remain controversial, underlying molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study demonstrated that high‐fat diet‐induced leads to significantly decreased volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), cortical thickness (Ct.Th) male rat femur after mechanical loading effects body weight were controlled. HFD‐induced obese rats exhibited attenuated expression ferroptosis inhibitory protein SLC7A11 GPX4 in tissues, which was correlated with elevated serum TNF‐α concentration. Ferroptosis inhibitor administration could effectively rescue osteogenesis‐associated type H vessels osteoprogenitors, downregulate levels ameliorate loss rats. Since both affect vessel formation, we further investigated interaction between TNF‐α, its impact osteogenesis angiogenesis vitro. In human osteoblast‐like MG63 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), TNF‐α/TNFR2 signaling promoted cystine uptake GSH biosynthesis provide protection against low‐dose inducer erastin. While, TNF‐α/TNFR1 facilitated presence high‐dose erastin through ROS accumulation. Moreover, regulated ferroptosis‐induced osteogenic angiogenic dysfunctions based on regulatory role. Meanwhile, inhibitors reduce intracellular overproduction enhance TNF‐α‐treated HUVECs. revealed angiogenesis, provides new insights into pathogenesis regenerative therapy obesity‐related osteoporosis.

Language: Английский

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General or Central Obesity and Mortality Among US Hispanic and Latino Adults

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. e2351070 - e2351070

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Importance The Hispanic and Latino population is the second largest ethnic group in US, but associations of obesity parameters with mortality this remain unclear. Objective To investigate general central among US adults. Design, Setting, Participants Community Health Study/Study Latinos an ongoing, multicenter, population-based cohort study a multistage probability sampling method performed adults aged 18 to 74 years baseline between January 1, 2008, December 31, 2011. Active follow-up for analyses extended from through February 17, 2022. All accounted complex survey design (ie, stratification clustering) weights generate estimates representing noninstitutionalized, 18- 74-year-old or populations selected communities. Exposures Body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight kilograms divided by height meters squared), body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), hip ratio (WHR). Main Outcome Measure Deaths were ascertained via death certificates, National Death Index, active follow-up. Results Of 15 773 (mean [SE] age, 40.9 [0.3] years; 52.8% female), 686 deaths occurred during median (IQR) 10.0 (9.9-10.2) years. When adjusting sociodemographic, lifestyle, family history covariates, hazard ratios (HRs) 1.55 (95% CI, 1.08-2.22) BMI 35.0 greater vs 18.5 24.9, 1.22 0.92-1.64) highest lowest percentage groups (defined according sex-, age-, background–specific distribution), 1.35 0.98-1.85) WC than 102 cm (men) 88 (women) 94 80 less, 1.91 1.28-2.86) WHR 0.90 0.85 less (women). Only was associated additional adjustment major comorbidities (HR, 1.75; 95% 1.17-2.62). association stronger women compared men ( P = .03 interaction), .02 interaction). positive severe (BMI ≥ 35.0) observed only not those below .005 interaction) who had circumference. Conclusions Relevance In adults, independently higher all-cause regardless prevalent comorbidities. These findings suggest that prioritizing clinical screening intervention may be important public health strategy, sex-specific strategies potentially being needed.

Language: Английский

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From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 4, 2024

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, exerting a profound negative impact on quality life in those who experience it. associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity connectivity, reward processing motivation. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, reduces depressive symptoms, but mechanisms driving its antidepressant effects are poorly understood. Here we propose novel hypothesis for understanding centred motivation, across different levels explanation. There robust evidence that exercise decreases systemic inflammation. Inflammation known reduce which turn strongly implicated effort-based decision making reward. Drawing broad range research humans animals, by reducing inflammation boosting consequent reward, initially specifically improves 'interest-activity' symptoms depression-namely anhedonia, fatigue subjective impairment - increasing propensity exert effort. Extending this framework topic control, explain how depression may also be conceptualised through an decision-making framework, help impairment. Understanding underlying could inform development intervention strategies, particular personalised interventions boost social prescribing.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by profound differences between females and males in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, disease progression. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that sensitivity to medical treatments may exist the two sexes. Although role sex hormones chromosomes driving differential susceptibility these well-established, molecular alterations underlying remain poorly understood. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, activity non-coding RNAs, strongly implicated pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases. While it known epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial sexual differentiation distinct patterns characterize males, sex-specific have been largely overlooked studies aiming identify associated with This review aims provide an overview processes central nervous system, main three diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Understanding sex-related essential for developing personalized interventions account unique landscapes each sex.

Language: Английский

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Landscape of sex differences in obesity and type 2 diabetes in subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomics studies

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 156241 - 156241

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Towards reference values of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation: impact of coronary artery and tube voltage in coronary computed tomography angiography

European Radiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(12), P. 6838 - 6846

Published: July 22, 2020

Abstract Objectives To determine normal pericoronary adipose tissue mean attenuation (PCAT MA ) values for left the anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) in patients without plaques on CT angiography (cCTA), taking into account tube voltage influence. Methods This retrospective study included 192 (76 (39.6%) men; median age 49 years (range, 19–79)) who underwent cCTA with third-generation dual-source suspicion of CAD between 2015 2017. We selected plaque cCTA. PCAT was measured semi-automatically images proximal segment three main arteries 10 mm length. Paired t -testing used to compare combinations two within each patient, one-way ANOVA testing different kV groups. Results The overall ± standard deviation (SD) − 90.3 11.1 HU. men higher than that women: 88.5 10.5 HU versus 91.5 11.3 ( p = 0.001). LAD, LCX, RCA 92.4 11.6 HU, 88.4 9.9 90.2 11.4 respectively. Pairwise comparison showed significant difference : LAD LCX < 0.001), 0.009), 0.033). 70 kV, 80 90 100 120 groups 95.6 9.6 11.5 87.3 82.7 6.2 79.3 6.8 respectively Conclusions In cCTA, varied by voltage, minor differences (LAD, RCA). need be interpreted setting. Key Points • differs slightly Tube affects measurement, increasing linearly kV. For longitudinal analysis , use equal setting is strongly recommended.

Language: Английский

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Adipose Tissue Development and Expansion from the Womb to Adolescence: An Overview

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2735 - 2735

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity continue to rise worldwide. Adipose tissue (AT) development and expansion initiate in the fetus extend throughout lifespan. This paper presents an overview AT developmental trajectories from intrauterine period adolescence; factors determining adiposity are also discussed. The greatest fetal increases were observed third pregnancy trimester, with growing evidence suggesting that maternal health nutrition, toxin exposure, genetic defects impact development. From birth up six months, healthy term newborns experience steep AT; but a subsequent reduction is during infancy. Important determinants infancy identified this review included feeding practices shaping gut microbiome. Low accrual maintained puberty onset, at which time, pattern becomes sex dependent. As girls rapid boys decreases AT, sexual dimorphism hormone secretion can be considered main contributor for changes. Eating patterns/behaviors interactions between dietary components, microbiome, immune cells influence expansion. Despite plasticity tissue, substantial supports highly influences its levels across life stages. Thus, unique window opportunity prevention and/or slowing down predisposition toward obesity, exists through childhood.

Language: Английский

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