Homeostasis and Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota: Comparing Hallmarks of a Healthy State with Changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2405 - 2405

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving health by participating various physiological functions and acting as metabolic organ. In conditions, microbiota-host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes microbiota composition (dysbiosis) an important factor pathogenesis inflammatory bowel disease its two main entities: ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease. incidence prevalence these conditions have increased rapidly last decade, becoming significant problem for healthcare system true challenge finding novel therapeutic solutions. issue is that, despite numerous studies, etiopathogenesis not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic inflammation occurs due altered environmental factors, well complex interplay between genetic predisposition host inappropriate innate acquired immune response. It note that development biological immunomodulatory therapy has led progress treating Certain lifestyle approaches-including fecal transplantation nutritional supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics-have offered solutions dysbiosis management paved way towards restoring healthy microbiome, only minimal long-term unfavorable effects.

Language: Английский

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Modulatory Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Gut-Brain, Gut-Bone Axes, and the Impact of Cannabinoids

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1247 - 1247

Published: Dec. 10, 2022

The gut microbiome is a collection of microorganisms and parasites in the gastrointestinal tract. Many factors can affect this community's composition, such as age, sex, diet, medications, environmental triggers. relationship between human host microbiota crucial for organism's survival development, whereas disruption lead to various inflammatory diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are used treat muscle spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. It now clear that these compounds also benefit patients neuroinflammation. CBD THC treatment inflammation. significant source nutrients, including vitamins B K, which products. While play role brain bone development function, influence on gut-brain gut-bone axes extends further continues receive increasing scientific scrutiny. has been demonstrated be vital optimal functions stress suppression. Additionally, several studies have revealed developing maintaining skeletal integrity mineral density. maintenance matrix. presence actions specific T regulatory cells, formation proliferation. In addition, its metabolites prevent loss. help maintain bone's equilibrium metabolic diseases, osteoporosis. review, dual plays regulating axis impact roles discussed.

Language: Английский

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Gut Health and Influencing Factors in Pigs

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1350 - 1350

Published: April 14, 2023

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a complex, dynamic, and critical part of the body, which plays an important role in digestion absorption ingested nutrients excreting waste products digestion. In addition, GIT also vital preventing entry harmful substances potential pathogens into bloodstream. hosts significant number microbes, throughout their metabolites, directly interact with hosts. modern intensive animal farming, many factors can disrupt functions. As dietary biologically active play roles maintaining homeostasis eubiosis GIT, this review aims to summarize current status our knowledge on most areas.

Language: Английский

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Multi-Species Probiotic Strain Mixture Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Regulating Inflammation and Tight Junctions in Lipopolysaccharides Stimulated Caco-2 Cells

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 656 - 656

Published: March 3, 2023

Although leaky gut syndrome is not recognized as an official diagnosis for human diseases, it now believed that dysfunction of the cell barrier causes increased permeability intestinal epithelial cells leading to this condition. Probiotics have been widely used improve health, and studies investigated relevance protecting by taking probiotic strains in vitro vivo. However, most restricted use single or several do consider commercially available products composed multi-species. In study, we provide experimental evidence a multi-species mixture eight different heat-treated strain effective preventing conditions. We employed co-culture model system utilizing two differentiated lines mimic tissue. The integrity function was protected preserving occludin protein level activating AMPK signaling pathway, associated with tight junctions (TJs), through treatment Caco-2 cells. Moreover, confirmed application reduced expression proinflammatory cytokine genes inhibiting NFκB pathway when artificial inflammation induced system. Finally, proved measured trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) significantly decreased treated cells, indicating compromised. exhibited protective effect on via enhancing TJ complexes reducing inflammatory responses

Language: Английский

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Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Animal Studies

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 100162 - 100162

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage lipopolysaccharide (LPS) other inflammatory triggers into circulation, i.e., metabolic endotoxemia. In obesity, shifts the microbiome negatively impact permeability. Probiotics an intervention that can target introducing beneficial microbial species, potentially restoring barrier integrity. Currently, role probiotic supplementation ameliorating obesity- overweight-associated increases permeability has not been reviewed. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from both animal clinical studies evaluated effect on obesity-induced impairment (International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews, CRD42022363538). A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Web Science, CAB Direct origin until August 2023 keywords overweight or supplementation. Of 920 records, 26 eligible records were included, comprising 12 14 studies. Clinical trials ranged 3 wk mostly parallel-arm (n = 13) crossover 1) design. studies, plasma/serum LPS most common measure Eleven reported a positive reducing However, results inconsistent, half reporting reductions serum no differences after Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia emerged as genera formulations among yielded results, suggesting specific bacteria may be more effective at improving function. better standardization strain use, dosage, duration, delivery matrix is needed fully understand individuals obesity.

Language: Английский

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Specific bile salt hydrolase genes in Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and relationship with bile salt resistance

LWT, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 111208 - 111208

Published: March 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Healthy Gut Microbiome Composition Enhances Disease Resistance and Fat Deposition in Tibetan Pigs

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 19, 2022

The gut microbiota is involved in a range of physiological processes animals, and modulating the microbiome composition considered novel target for identifying animal traits. Tibetan pigs show better fat deposition disease resistance compared to Yorkshire pigs. However, studies investigating correlation between favorable characteristics microbial community remain scarce. In current study, 1,249,822 high-quality sequences were obtained by amplicon sequencing colon contents We found that at boundary level, abundance relative bacterial higher than ( P > 0.05). Phylum Firmicutes dominant colonic microflora pigs, ratio Bacteroides was slightly Actinobacteria Spirobacteria significantly < At genus Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus , Bacteriologist, which are related resistance, conclusion, intestinal closely their superior Bifidobacteria, Ruminococcaceae, Family-XIII-AD3011-Group conducive improving Solobacterium observed be main communities This study will provide new reference development utilization future.

Language: Английский

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Growth and neuro-developmental outcomes of probiotic supplemented preterm infants—a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(9), P. 855 - 871

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Abstract Gut dysbiosis is associated with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, which can adversely affect long-term growth neurodevelopment. We aimed to synthesise evidence for the effect of probiotic supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes infants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, Cochrane CENTRAL, grey literature were searched February 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model. Effect sizes expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD), (MD) or risk ratio (RR) their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk Bias (ROB) assessed ROB-2 tool. Certainty Evidence (CoE) summarized GRADE guidelines. Thirty RCTs ( n = 4817) showed that better short-term weight gain [SMD 0.24 (95%CI 0.04, 0.44); 22 3721); p 0.02; I 2 88%; CoE: low]. However, length 0.12 −0.13, 0.36); 7 RCTs, 899); 0.35; 69%; low] head circumference 0.09 −0.15, 0.34); 8 1132); 0.46; 76%; similar between placebo groups. Probiotic had no impairment [RR 0.91 0.76, 1.08); 5 1556); 0.27; 0%; gain, but did not length, circumference, growth, Adequately powered are needed this area. Prospero Registration: CRD42020064992.

Language: Английский

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Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 2837 - 2837

Published: June 22, 2023

Human nutrition, and what can be considered “ideal” is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition relatively understood, it undeniable global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties overconsumption micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this problem. Limitations the current scope recommended daily allowances (RDAs) dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, reductions nutrient density are just few these factors. In article, we propose new, working approach towards designated “Foundational Nutrition”. This lens combines whole food conjunction micronutrients other nutrients critical for optimal health special consideration given gut microbiome overall health. Together, synergistic addresses vital components enhances bioavailability potentiate bioactive effect.

Language: Английский

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Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Improve the Gut Microbiota and Help Combat Fungal Infection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1556 - 1556

Published: June 11, 2023

Western diets are rapidly spreading due to globalization, causing an increase in obesity and diseases of civilization. These associated with changes the gut microbiota related intestinal inflammation. This review discusses adverse effects diets, which high fat sugar low vegetable fiber, on microbiota. leads dysbiosis overgrowth Candida albicans, is a major cause fungal infection worldwide. In addition unhealthy diet, other factors disease development include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack physical activity, prolonged use antibiotics, chronic psychological stress. suggests that diversified diet containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins D E, as well micronutrients probiotic or prebiotic supplements can improve biodiversity microbiota, lead short-chain acid production, reduce abundance species gut. The also variety foods plants effective against traditional medicine. Overall, healthy lifestyle contribute human well-being positively modulates brain central nervous system.

Language: Английский

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