Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 559 - 559

Published: April 26, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in breaking down undigested foods, such dietary fibers. Through fermentation these food components, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced, offering numerous health benefits host. production absorption SCFAs occur through various mechanisms within human intestine, contingent upon types fibers reaching specific engaged fermentation. Medical literature extensively documents supplementation SCFAs, particularly butyrate, treatment gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, gut-brain-related disorders. This review seeks provide an overview dynamics involved gut. Additionally, it will focus on roles promoting metabolic health, well their current therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114620 - 114620

Published: March 31, 2023

There is emerging evidence that microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in helath diseases. In this regard, gut has been found as a crucial component influences immune responses well immune-related disorders such autoimmune Gut bacterial dysbiosis shown to cause disease altered metabolite synthesis, leading immunological metabolic dysregulation. Of note, the produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate, propionate, remodeling these linked pathophysiology of number type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac systemic lupus erythematosus. review, we will address most recent findings from noteworthy studies investigating impact SCFAs on various

Language: Английский

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The therapeutic potential of dietary intervention: based on the mechanism of a tryptophan derivative-indole propionic acid on metabolic disorders

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 20

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives pathway, has raised more attention because its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that metabolites/IPA derived from proteolysis host health disease. IPA can activate system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused microbe cross-talk. Different levels in systemic circulation predict risk NAFLD, T2DM, CVD. is suggested alleviate cognitive impairment oxidative damage, reduce inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation attenuate symptoms putatively enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, maintain homeostasis. Now, provide general description relationships between various physiological pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention diseases.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and gut microbiome

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant global health problem. The number of people suffering from this metabolic disease is constantly rising and although the incidence heterogeneous depending on region, country, economic situation, lifestyle, diet level medical care, it increasing worldwide, especially among youths children, mainly due to lifestyle environmental changes. pathogenesis two most common subtypes diabetes mellitus, type 1 (T1DM) 2 (T2DM), substantially different, so each form characterized by different causation, etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, treatment. Research in recent decades increasingly indicates potential role gut microbiome initiation, development, progression disease. Intestinal microbes their fermentation products have an important impact host metabolism, immune system, nutrient digestion absorption, barrier integrity protection against pathogens. This review summarizes current evidence changes microbial populations both types mellitus. Attention focused abundance specific bacterial groups at taxonomic levels humans, shift also assessed relation geographic location, age, antidiabetic drug. causal relationship between bacteria still unclear, future studies applying new methodological approaches broader range microorganisms inhabiting digestive tract are urgently needed. would not only provide better understanding disease, but use beneficial species probiotics for treatment diabetes.

Language: Английский

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A decrease in Flavonifractor plautii and its product, phytosphingosine, predisposes individuals with phlegm-dampness constitution to metabolic disorders

Cell Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutional theory, individuals with phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders. Previous studies have indicated that PDC exhibit gene expression changes associated disorders, even normal indices. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these remain unclear. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a promising avenue elucidating TCM principles. Here, we revealed distinct and serum metabolite profiles. A decrease in phytosphingosine was scores disorder severity. Subsequent experiments demonstrated Flavonifractor plautii can biosynthesize phytosphingosine, which also negatively correlated score. Interestingly, both F. levels decreased subjects Fecal transplantation from accelerated development of disorders mice. supplementation ameliorated by increasing gut‒hepatic axis. Mechanistic investigations confirmed directly bind hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activate its nuclear transcription activity, thereby regulating downstream related glucose‒lipid metabolism. Our research indicates product, contributes increases their susceptibility These findings suggest diagnosing may be beneficial identifying at-risk populations among apparently healthy individuals, advancing broader field prevention integration.

Language: Английский

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Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy rats by repressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 442 - 456

Published: June 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Metabolites Linking the Gut Microbiome with Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 83 - 93

Published: March 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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The role of the microbiome in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 108645 - 108645

Published: Dec. 24, 2020

The microbiome is greatly significant for immune system development and homeostasis. Dysbiosis in gut microbial composition function linked to responses the of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). However, skin changes diabetic patients their role DM are poorly elucidated. In this review, we summarize recent findings about association between microbiota DM, highlighting roles proinflammatory status DM. Moreover, although there evidence that connection causes same activated innate response, additional studies needed explore mechanism. These might inform future prevention, diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Butyrate for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Metagenomics studies have shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an altered gut microbiota. Whereas different microbiota patterns been observed in independent human cohorts, reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria has consistently found individuals T2D, as well those prediabetes. Butyrate produced the large intestine by microbial fermentations, particularly dietary fiber, and serves primary fuel for colonocytes. It also acts histone deacetylase inhibitor ligand to G-protein coupled receptors, affecting cellular signaling target cells, such enteroendocrine cells. Therefore, butyrate become attractive drug treatment strategies devised increase its intestinal levels, example supplementation or through fecal transplant (FMT). In this review, we provide overview current literature indicating these yielded encouraging results short-term benefits humans, but long-term improvements glycemic control not reported so far. Further are required find effective approaches restore levels gut, investigate their impact on glucose regulation T2D.

Language: Английский

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Gut Bacterial Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Application Potential

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder comprehensively influenced by genetic and environmental risk, research increasingly has indicated the role of microbial dysbiosis in T2DM pathogenesis. However, studies comparing microbiome characteristics between healthy controls have reported inconsistent results. To further identify describe intestinal flora patients, we performed systematic review meta-analysis stool profiles to discern explore heterogeneity among 7 (600 cases, 543 controls, 1143 samples total). Using random effects model fixed model, observed significant differences beta diversity, but not alpha individuals with controls. We identified various operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) bacterial genera odds ratios for T2DM. The signatures derived from single study stepwise feature selection could be applied other studies. By training on multiple studies, improved detection accuracy disease specificity also discuss relationship T2DM-enriched or T2DM-depleted probiotics provide new ideas prevention improvement.

Language: Английский

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