Diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics in metabolic diseases: From mechanisms to therapeutics

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 113290 - 113290

Published: June 17, 2022

The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a severe burden in human society owing to the ensuing high morbidity mortality. Various factors linked disorders, particularly environmental (such as diet gut microbiota) epigenetic modifications, contribute progression diseases. Dietary components habits regulate alterations microbiota; turn, microbiota-derived metabolites, such short-chain acids (SCFAs), are influenced by diet. Interestingly, diet-derived microbial metabolites appear produce substrates enzymatic regulators for modifications DNA methylation, histone non-coding RNA expression). Epigenetic changes mediated participate disorders via intestinal permeability, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, insulin resistance. In addition, can trigger responses microbiota dysbiosis directly binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hence, diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics may play role However, their complex relationships with diseases remain largely unknown require further investigation. This review aimed elaborate on interactions among diet, microbiota, epigenetics uncover mechanisms therapeutics

Language: Английский

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The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism: a scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 116(4), P. 862 - 874

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human nutrition and metabolism may have direct implications for type 2 diabetes associated preconditions. An improved understanding of relations between glucose could lead to novel opportunities prevention, but observational studies reporting on such findings not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review the literature associations markers stages dysregulation insulin resistance healthy adults with metabolic disease risk factors. We present current evidence identified key bacteria their potential roles independent overweight, obesity, drugs. provide support SCFAs mediating effects discuss diet, as well metabolites derived from diet interactions. From 5983 initially PubMed records, 45 original were eligible α Diversity bacterial taxa selected outcomes. Six most frequently metabolism: Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium leptum group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, (inversely associated) Dorea (directly associated). For A. drugs body measures. muciniphila F. limited supported SCFA mediation metabolism. conclude that applying metagenomics sequencing identify species-level are warranted, accounting confounding factors investigating postprandial Such advances field will, together mechanistic prospective investigations into diet-gut interactions, bring critical insight microbial contribute toward development prevention strategies diabetes, including precision nutrition.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Body Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7379 - 7379

Published: July 5, 2024

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially digested indigestible polysaccharides. SCFAs play an important role in regulating energy metabolism maintaining homeostasis environment also regulatory organs tissues outside gut. In recent years, many studies have shown that can regulate inflammation affect host health, two main signaling mechanisms been identified: activation G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) inhibition histone deacetylase (HDAC). addition, a growing body evidence highlights importance every SCFA influencing health maintenance disease development. this review, we summarized advances concerning biological properties their pathways health. Hopefully, it provide systematic theoretical basis for nutritional prevention treatment human diseases.

Language: Английский

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Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such essential for sustaining host equilibrium, its impact on human health can be altered by variety factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, genetics. Gut microbes’ imbalances are related to chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal have significant role in the formation cardiovascular disease (CVD), which still primary cause fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, some inherited variables all risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, flora, dietary intake. Variations diversity changes their activity thought influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, microbiota acts an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), bile acids, substantial wellness multiple mechanisms. purpose this overview compile current evidence highlighting intricate links microbiota, metabolites, development CVD. It focuses how dysbiosis promotes heart failure, atherosclerosis. This review explores normal physiology potential techniques targeting bacteria treatment using various microbial metabolites. also examines significance treatment, supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, fecal transplantation, innovative approach management As result, metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Physiochemical characterization and ameliorative effect of rice resistant starch modified by heat-stable α-amylase and glucoamylase on the gut microbial community in T2DM mice

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 5596 - 5612

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the presented study, natural rice containing high resistant starch content was used as a raw material to produce (RRS) through enzymatic hydrolysis with heat-stable α-amylase and glucoamylase. The chemical composition, structural characteristics

Language: Английский

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Energy metabolism in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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The potential of tailoring the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 217 - 235

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Protective role of butyrate in obesity and diabetes: New insights

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Studies in human microbiota dysbiosis have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like propionate, acetate, and particularly butyrate, positively affect energy homeostasis, behavior, inflammation. This positive effect can be demonstrated the reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria observed gut individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) other energy-associated metabolic alterations. Butyrate is major end product dietary fiber bacterial fermentation large intestine serves as primary source for colonocytes. In addition, it plays a key role reducing glycemia improving body weight control insulin sensitivity. The mechanisms involved butyrate regulation include signaling pathways such AMPK, p38, HDAC inhibition, cAMP production/signaling. Treatment strategies using aim to increase its levels, bioavailability, improvement delivery either through direct supplementation or by increasing diet, which ultimately generates higher production gut. final part this review, we present summary most relevant studies currently being carried out humans.

Language: Английский

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Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate hyperglycemia enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers 200 who completed trial. find 166 of 2,803 measured features, including oral gut microbial species pathways, serum metabolites cytokines, show significant change response personalized postprandial glucose-targeting diet or standard care Mediterranean diet. These changes include established as well novel features that can now be investigated potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate microbiome mediates effect glycemic, immune measurements, with compositional explaining 12.25% variance. Although displays greater compared microbiome, demonstrates more at genetic level, trends dependent environmental richness prevalence population. In conclusion, our study shows interventions affect cardiometabolic profile host, these factors each other, harnessed for new modalities.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Parameters of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4663 - 4663

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

The role of probiotic supplementation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is controversial. present study aimed to assess the effects a multi-strain supplement (LactoLevureR (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Saccharomyces boulardii)) over 6 months, primarily on glycemic control as well lipid levels alterations gut microbiome, among individuals with T2D residing Greece. A total 91 adults (mean age [±SD] 65.12 ± 10.92 years, 62.6% males) were randomized receive or matching placebo capsule, once daily, for months. Blood chemistries anthropometric parameters conducted every 3 stool samples collected at baseline Significant reductions HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol observed participants treated (n = 46) compared controls 45), even after adjustment greater decrease adiposity (waist circumference). Although there no statistically significant differences diversity microbiome (α β diversity), administration probiotics did influence several genera, metabolites, key enzymes associated diabetes. Overall, LactoLevureR 6-month period was well-tolerated had positive impact metabolic parameters, alongside improvements indices adiposity.

Language: Английский

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