A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds

Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 21

Published: May 31, 2024

Absorption​ of free radicals in the body cannot be done by antioxidant compounds originating from human body, so exogenous antioxidants are required to help their natural action. Oxidative stress can caused an imbalance radical inhibitors and accumulation that enter cellular structures. Synthetic found external not primary choice because they harmful carcinogenic. Therefore, using ingredients provides a necessary alternative constructing novel antioxidants. Recent studies have highlighted critical analysis evaluation flavonoids unique class secondary metabolites plants used communities as traditional therapeutics with proven bioactivity. This could support new discoveries based on various herbal medicines addition, functional effectiveness against radicals. In this review, there several strengths discussion. First, study takes comprehensive approach covering aspects, including properties sources radicals, oxidative relation different diseases, defense mechanisms, specific mechanisms flavonoids. Second, focus antioxidants, especially flavonoids, also discussion about clinical applications studies, limitations, global perspectives, future research directions become references selection medicines. But, constraints should considered when interpreting findings review. mechanism is only discussed general one example compound (flavonoid) has potential antioxidant. lack regarding relationship between diseases Third, limited number investigated some discussed.

Language: Английский

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Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 275 - 275

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious metabolic disorder, is worldwide health problem due to the alarming rise in prevalence and elevated morbidity mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, ineffective effect secretion are hallmarks of T2DM, leading many secondary complications. These include, particular, cardiovascular disorders, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy retinopathy, foot, osteoporosis, liver damage, susceptibility infections some cancers. Polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans constitute an extensive heterogeneous group phytochemicals fresh fruits, vegetables their products. Various vitro studies, animal model studies available clinical trials revealed that flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, epicatechin, genistein, daidzein, anthocyanins), acids chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, gallic curcumin), stilbenes resveratrol), tannins procyanidin B2, seaweed phlorotannins), pinoresinol) have ability lower enhance sensitivity improve secretion, scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce chronic inflammation, modulate gut microbiota, alleviate complications T2DM. The interaction between polyphenols conventional antidiabetic drugs offers promising strategy management treatment especially advanced disease stages. Synergistic effects with been documented, but also antagonistic interactions may impair drug efficacy. Therefore, additional research required clarify mutual order use knowledge applications. Nevertheless, dietary can be successfully applied part supportive for they both obvious symptoms

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 200 - 200

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Polyphenols (PPs) are recognized as bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents, playing a critical role in enhancing food safety, preservation, extending shelf life. The effectiveness of PPs has different molecular biological reasons, predominantly linked to their hydroxyl groups electron delocalization, which interact with microbial cell membranes, proteins, organelles. These interactions may reduce the efficiency metabolic pathways, cause destructive damage membrane, or they harm proteins nucleic acids foodborne bacteria. Moreover, exhibit distinctive ability form complexes metal ions, further amplifying activity. This narrative review explores complex multifaceted between pathogens, underlying correlation chemical structures mechanisms action. Such insights shed light on potential innovative natural preservatives within systems, presenting an eco-friendly sustainable alternative synthetic additives.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Inflammation Activity of Flavones and Their Structure–Activity Relationship

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(26), P. 7285 - 7302

Published: June 23, 2021

Flavones are an important class of bioactive constituents in foods, and their structural diversity enables them to interact with different targets. In particular, flavones known for anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we summarized commonly applied vitro, vivo, clinical models testing activity flavones. The structure–activity relationship was systematically mapped supported cross comparisons that flavanones, flavanols, isoflavones. Hydroxyl groups (−OH) indispensable the function flavones, −OH at C-5 C-4′ positions enhance while C-6, C-7, C-8, C-3′ attenuate Moreover, C2–C3 single bond, C-3 B-ring undermine flavone aglycones' Most aglycones through NF-κB, MAPK, JNK-STAT pathways, possible cell binding targets kinase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), G-protein coupled receptors, estrogen receptors. However, structure were unclear, further research shall be conducted close gap order guide development evidence-based functional foods.

Language: Английский

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Current advances on the therapeutic potential of pinocembrin: An updated review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 114032 - 114032

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a major flavonoid found in many plants, fungi and hive products, mainly honey propolis. Several vitro preclinical studies revealed numerous pharmacological activities of pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective anticancer activities. Here, we comprehensively review critically analyze the carried out on pinocembrin. We also discuss its potential mechanisms action, bioavailability, toxicity, clinical investigations. The wide therapeutic window makes it promising drug candidate for applications. recommend some future perspectives to improve pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic properties better delivery that may lead new advances.

Language: Английский

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Significance of flavonoids targeting PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway in therapy-resistant cancer cells – A potential contribution to the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 103 - 118

Published: March 4, 2023

Cancer management faces multiple obstacles, including resistance to current therapeutic approaches. In the face of challenging microenvironments, cancer cells adapt metabolically maintain their supply energy and precursor molecules for biosynthesis thus sustain rapid proliferation tumor growth. Among various metabolic adaptations observed in cells, altered glucose metabolism is most widely studied. The aberrant glycolytic modification has been associated with cell division, growth, progression, drug resistance. higher rates glycolysis as a hallmark modulated by transcription factor hypoxia inducible 1 alpha (HIF-1α), downstream target PI3K/Akt signaling, deregulated pathway cancer. We provide detailed overview current, primarily experimental, evidence on potential effectiveness flavonoids combat glycolysis-induced conventional targeted therapies. manuscript focuses reducing via affecting PI3K/Akt, HIF-1α (as critical that regulated pathway), key mediators PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling (glucose transporters enzymes). working hypothesis proposes – an attractive application mitigate Phytochemicals represent source promising substances applicable primary, secondary, tertiary care. However, accurate patient stratification individualized profiling crucial steps paradigm shift from reactive predictive, preventive, personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). article focused targeting molecular patterns natural provides evidence-based recommendations 3PM relevant implementation.

Language: Английский

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A non-carboxylative route for the efficient synthesis of central metabolite malonyl-CoA and its derived products

Nature Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 361 - 374

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Application of deep eutectic solvents on extraction of flavonoids

Journal of Separation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(9-10)

Published: May 1, 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as a new type of eco‐friendly solvent, have attracted increasing attention on the extraction and separation flavonoid compounds from various samples, owing to their excellent properties such biodegradability ease handling with very low toxicity. This article provides status review applications DESs in flavonoids, including introduction compounds, superiority DESs, methods (ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, heating reflux matrix solid‐phase dispersion, extraction). Finally, prospects challenges application are extensively elucidated critically reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Effect of light intensity on celery growth and flavonoid synthesis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting growth and development facility vegetables. In this experiment, we investigated effects different light intensities on growth, nutritional quality flavonoid accumulation celery under hydroponic full LED conditions. Four 40, 100, 200, or 300 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 were set up in three harvest periods basis intensities, which 15, 30, 45 d after treatment (labeled as S1, S2, S3, respectively). The results showed that plant height aboveground biomass increased with increase intensity, intensity 200 μmol·m was beneficial to contents chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenols, vitamin C, cellulose, flavones apigenin celery. During S1-S3 period, activities PAL, CHS, CHI ANS gradually treatments, FNS CHS enzymes highest treatment. expression activity Ag3GT , a key gene for anthocyanin synthesis, reached maximum value at level AgFNS . general, content conclusion, more favorable nutrient synthesis.

Language: Английский

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Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using quercetin extracted from Arctium lappa by HPLC, Characterization and Estimation of antioxidant activity

Results in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 102028 - 102028

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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