Histological and Chemical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Kidney and Gills of Boops boops: Melanomacrophages Centers and Rodlet Cells as Environmental Biomarkers

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 218 - 218

Published: April 27, 2022

Industrialization has resulted in a massive increase garbage output, which is frequently discharged or stored waterways like rivers and seas. Due to their toxicity, durability, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, lead) have been identified strong biological poisons. Their presence the aquatic environment potential affect water quality parameters life general. Teleosts' histopathology provides sensitive indicator of pollutant-induced stress, because organs central role transformation different active chemical compounds environment. In particular, gills, kidneys, liver are placed at center toxicological studies. The purpose this study examine morphological changes caused by kidney gills Boops boops, with focus on melanomacrophages centers (MMCs) rodlet cells (RCs) environmental biomarkers, using histological histochemical stainings (hematoxylin/eosin, Van Gieson trichrome, Periodic Acid Schiff reaction, Alcian Blue/PAS 2.5), immunoperoxidase methods. Our findings show an MMCs RCs linked higher exposure metals, confirming these aggregates reliable biomarkers reflected fish fauna. cytological could be important gaining better understanding complicated immune systems teleosts.

Language: Английский

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Detecting Intestinal Goblet Cells of the Broadgilled Hagfish Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801): A Confocal Microscopy Evaluation

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1366 - 1366

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

The fish intestine operates as a complicated interface between the organism and environment, providing biological mechanical protections result of viscous layer mucus released by goblet cells, which serves barrier against bacteria, viruses, other pathogens, contributes to functions immune system. Therefore, cells have role in preserving health body secreting acting sentinels. ancient jawless broadgilled hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus, Forster, 1801) has very basic digestive system because it lacks stomach. By examining presence, localization, co-localization 5-HT, TLR2, iNOS, Piscidin1, this study intends provide insight into potential contributions arranged gut hagfish. Our results characterize intestinal hagfish, for first time, with former antibodies, suggesting hypothesis conservation roles played these also primitive vertebrates. Moreover, deepens knowledge about still little-known

Language: Английский

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Expression and function of toll-like receptor 2 in vertebrate

Acta Histochemica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 152028 - 152028

Published: April 1, 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses bacteria. Since TLR2 is the only TLR capable creating functional heterodimers with more than two other types, it very important vertebrate immunity. not broadens PAMPs that can recognize but has also potential to diversify subsequent signaling cascades. ubiquitous, which consistent wide tasks functions serves. Immune cells, endothelial epithelial cells have all been found express TLR2. This review aims gather currently available information about preservation this intriguing immunological molecule in phylum vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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Confocal Characterization of Intestinal Dendritic Cells from Myxines to Teleosts

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1045 - 1045

Published: July 12, 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting (APCs) that regulate the beginning of adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms tolerance to antigens moving through digestive tract known be regulated by intestinal DCs. Agnatha and Gnathostoma descendants a common ancestor. Ostracoderms gave rise Cyclostomes, whereas Placoderms Chondrichthyes.

Language: Английский

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Immunohistochemistry of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in African Bonytongue (Heterotis niloticus, Cuvier 1829)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2316 - 2316

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Heterotis niloticus is a basal teleost, belonging to the Osteoglossidae family, which widespread in many parts of Africa. The digestive tract H. presents similar characteristics those higher vertebrates, exhibiting gizzard-like stomach and lymphoid aggregates intestinal lamina propria. adaptive immune system teleost fish linked with each their mucosal body surfaces. In fish, gut-associated tissue (GALT) generally diffuse that represents an important line defense against pathogens inhabiting external environment can enter through food. GALT comprises intraepithelial lymphocytes, reside epithelial layer, propria leukocytes, consist macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic-like cells. This study aims characterize, for first time, leukocytes present niloticus, by confocal immuno- fluorescence techniques, using specific antibodies: toll-like receptor 2, major histocompatibility complex class II, S100 protein, serotonin, CD4, langerin, inducible nitric oxide synthetase. Our results show massive cells thickness submucosa, arranged circumscribed oval-shaped structures are morphologically isolated follicles birds mammals, thus expanding our knowledge about immunity shown this fish.

Language: Английский

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Coelomocytes of the Oligochaeta earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) as evolutionary key of defense: a morphological study

Zoological Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 4, 2023

Abstract Metazoans have several mechanisms of internal defense for their survival. The system evolved alongside the organisms. Annelidae circulating coelomocytes that perform functions comparable to phagocytic immune cells vertebrates. Several studies shown these are involved in phagocytosis, opsonization, and pathogen recognition processes. Like vertebrate macrophages, permeate organs from coelomic cavity capture or encapsulate pathogens, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, they produce a range bioactive proteins response detoxification through lysosomal system. Coelomocytes can also participate lithic reactions against target release antimicrobial peptides. Our study immunohistochemically identify Lumbricus terrestris scattered epidermal connective layer below, both longitudinal smooth muscle layer, immunoreactive TLR2, CD14 α-Tubulin first time. TLR2 not fully colocalized with each other, suggesting may belong two distinct families. expression molecules on confirms crucial role Oligochaeta protostomes, phylogenetic conservation receptors. These data could provide further insights into understanding Annelida complex

Language: Английский

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Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and toll‐like receptor 2 immunoreactive cells in endostyle of urochordate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823)

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(7), P. 2651 - 2658

Published: April 8, 2022

The endostyle is the first component of ascidian digestive tract, it shaped like a through and located in pharynx's ventral wall. This organ divided longitudinally into nine zones that are parallel to each other. Each zone's cells physically functionally distinct. Support elements found 1, 3, 5, while mucoproteins secreting related filtering function 2, 4, 6. Zones 7, 8, 9, which lateral dorsal section endostyle, include with high iodine peroxidase concentrations. Immunohistochemical technique using following antibodies, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), lectin histochemistry (WGA-wheat-germagglutinin), were used this investigation define immune Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823). Our results demonstrate presence S. plicata, highlighting innate mechanisms highly conserved phylogeny chordates. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Immune positive TLR-2 VIP plicata. Expression WGA several endostyle. Use comparative biology improve knowledge about immunology ascidians.

Language: Английский

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Confocal Identification of Immune Molecules in Skin Club Cells of Zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1882) and Their Possible Role in Immunity

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1653 - 1653

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

The immune system of a fish has cellular and molecular defense mechanisms that are substantially retained throughout the evolution vertebrates. innate provides biological processes, such as phagocytosis mechanical barriers, to implement an efficient defensive response after exposure chemical or contaminants, pollutants, contact with parasites, germs, pathogens. Club cells (CCs) widespread in skin Ostariophysi. After predator attack toxins these can produce alarming substances. Given their effectiveness against viruses, common lesions, recent studies have suggested CCs component system. This study aims immunohistochemically characterize for first time zebrafish, using mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, Piscidin1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) peptides involved function all types vertebrate cells. According our analysis, intermediate layer epidermis exhibited rounded, oval, elongated CCs, central acidophilic cytoplasm spherical basophilic nucleus, positive antibodies tested. Our results may confirm could be function, increasing knowledge teleosts.

Language: Английский

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Expression of Antimicrobic Peptide Piscidin1 in Gills Mast Cells of Giant Mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(22), P. 13707 - 13707

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

The amphibious teleost Giant mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Pallas 1770) inhabit muddy plains and Asian mangrove forests. It spends more than 90% of its life outside the water, using skin, gills, buccal-pharyngeal cavity mucosa to breathe in oxygen from surrounding air. All vertebrates have been found mast cells (MCs), which are part innate immune system. These mostly mucous membranes organs that come contact with environment. According their morphology, MCs distinctive cytoplasmic granules released during degranulation process. Additionally, these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) fight a variety infections. Piscidins, hepcidins, defensins, cathelicidins, histonic examples fish AMPs. Confocal microscopy was used this study assess Piscidin1 expression Mudskipper branchial MCs. Our results demonstrated presence gills is highly positive for Piscidin1. colocalized labeled TLR2/5-HT Piscidin1/5-HT supported our data. giant highlights involvement peptide orchestration immunity, advancing knowledge defense system fish.

Language: Английский

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Role of Serotonin in the Maintenance of Inflammatory State in Crohn’s Disease

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 765 - 765

Published: March 24, 2022

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation considered to be major entity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), affecting different segments the whole gastrointestinal tract. Peripheral serotonin (5-HT), bioactive amine predominantly produced by gut enterochromaffin cells (ECs), crucial in functions, including motility, sensitivity, secretion, and response. These actions are mediated large family receptors specialized transporter (SERT) located on variety cell types gut. Several studies indicate that 5-HT signaling altered patients with disease. Paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues, obtained from fifteen were analyzed immunostaining for serotonin, Langerin/CD207, alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA). As controls, unaffected (normal) specimens seven individuals investigated. This study aimed show expression dendritic (DCs) myofibroblast which have been characterized Langerin/CD207 α-SMA, respectively; furthermore, first time, we found presence goblet cells. Our results correlation between maintenance state CD linked recall myofibroblasts.

Language: Английский

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