Circular RNA vaccine in disease prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded RNAs with covalently linked head-to-tail topology. In the decades since its initial discovery, their biogenesis, regulation, and function have rapidly disclosed, permitting better understanding adoption them as new tools for medical applications. With development biotechnology molecular medicine, artificial circRNAs been engineered novel vaccines disease treatment prevention. Unlike linear mRNA vaccine which applications were limited by instability, inefficiency, innate immunogenicity, circRNA incorporate internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) open reading frame (ORF) provides an improved approach to RNA-based vaccination safety, stability, simplicity manufacture, scalability. However, at early stage, optimization, delivery require further evaluation. this review, we comprehensively describe vaccine, including history superiority. We also summarize discuss current methodological research preparation, design, synthesis, purification. Finally, highlight options potential in diseases Considering unique high low protein/peptide-coding capacity special closed-loop construction, circRNA-based therapeutic platforms may superior application prospects broad range diseases.

Language: Английский

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Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 281 - 300

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent advances and perspectives on the development of circular RNA cancer vaccines

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as promising platforms for RNA-based vaccines in cancer treatment. We summarize the recent advances of design, synthesis, and delivery circRNA-based vaccines, highlight applications challenges circRNA therapy. Further enhancements required areas such antigen selection, targeted delivery, multidimensional crosstalks, clinical trial assessments to advance efficacy safety cancer.

Language: Английский

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tRNA-derived small RNAs: their role in the mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies of colorectal cancer

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with an increasing shift towards younger age onset. In recent years, there has been recognition significance tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), encompassing fragments (tRFs) tRNA halves (tiRNAs). Their involvement in regulating translation, gene expression, reverse transcription, epigenetics gradually come to light. Emerging research revealed dysregulation tsRNAs CRC, implicating their role CRC initiation progression, highlighting potential early diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic strategies. Although clinical application still its stages, findings highlight a close relationship between biogenesis function tsRNAs, chemical modifications, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Additionally, similar other RNAs, can be effectively delivered via nanoparticles (NPs). Consequently, future should focus on elucidating concerning base TIME regulation, immunotherapy, NPs delivery systems facilitate translation.

Language: Английский

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Advancements of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA) to enable translation into the clinics

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 114961 - 114961

Published: June 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the power of immune system, has shown immense promise in fight against malignancies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) stands as a versatile instrument this context, with its capacity to encode tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), cell receptors, cytokines, and antibodies. Nevertheless, inherent structural instability mRNA requires development effective delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged significant candidates for cancer providing both protection enhanced intracellular efficiency. In review, we offer comprehensive summary recent advancements LNP-based systems, focus on strategies optimizing design mRNA-encoded therapeutics treatment. Furthermore, delve into challenges encountered field contemplate future perspectives, aiming improve safety efficacy immunotherapies. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The role of circular RNAs in regulating resistance to cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and implications

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: May 2, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly transformed cancer treatment, yet resistance remains a significant hurdle, limiting its efficacy in many patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel class of non-coding RNAs, have emerged as pivotal regulators gene expression and cellular processes. Increasing evidence indicates their involvement modulating to immunotherapy. Notably, certain circRNAs function miRNA sponges or interact with proteins, influencing the immune-related genes, including crucial immune checkpoint molecules. This, turn, shapes tumor microenvironment significantly impacts response In this comprehensive review, we explore evolving role orchestrating immunotherapy, specific focus on mechanisms expression. Additionally, underscore potential promising therapeutic targets augment effectiveness Understanding could contribute development new strategies overcome improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract In the last decade, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs have gained great interest in both immunotherapy and non-immunogenic applications. This surge can be largely attributed to demonstration of distinct advantages offered by various mRNA molecules, alongside rapid advancements nucleic delivery systems. It is noteworthy that immunogenicity presents a double-edged sword. context immunotherapy, extra supplementation adjuvant generally required for induction robust immune responses. Conversely, non-immunotherapeutic scenarios, activation unwanted considering host tolerability high expression demand mRNA-encoded functional proteins. Herein, mainly focused on linear non-replicating mRNA, we overview preclinical clinical progress prospects medicines encompassing vaccines other therapeutics. We also highlight importance focusing host-specific variations, including age, gender, pathological condition, concurrent medication individual patient, maximized efficacy safety upon administration. Furthermore, deliberate potential challenges may encounter realm disease treatment, current endeavors improvement, as well application future advancements. Overall, this review aims present comprehensive understanding mRNA-based therapies while illuminating prospective development drugs.

Language: Английский

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Advances in the design and delivery of RNA vaccines for infectious diseases

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 115419 - 115419

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

RNA medicines represent a paradigm shift in treatment and prevention of critical diseases global significance, e.g., infectious diseases. The highly successful messenger (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were developed at record speed during the disease 2019 pandemic. A consequence this is exceptionally shortened vaccine development times, which combination with adaptability makes technology attractive for pandemic preparedness. Here, we review state art design delivery based on different modalities, including linear mRNA, self-amplifying RNA, trans-amplifying circular RNA. We provide an overview clinical pipeline diseases, present analytical procedures, are paramount characterizing quality attributes guaranteeing their quality, discuss future perspectives using to combat pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 1789 - 1822

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review discusses the balance of inflammation in immunity and biomaterials strategies to modulate cases imbalance such as autoimmune disease, infection, cancer. Adapted from “Balanced Energy State”, by BioRender.com (2023).

Language: Английский

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