The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

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Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles: a novel multifunctional biomimetic drug delivery system

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 716 - 737

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Nanomaterials in tumor immunotherapy: new strategies and challenges

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 13, 2023

Abstract Tumor immunotherapy exerts its anti-tumor effects by stimulating and enhancing immune responses of the body. It has become another important modality therapy with significant clinical efficacy advantages compared to chemotherapy, radiotherapy targeted therapy. Although various kinds tumor immunotherapeutic drugs have emerged, challenges faced in delivery these drugs, such as poor permeability low cell uptake rate, had prevented their widespread application. Recently, nanomaterials emerged a means for treatment different diseases due targeting properties, biocompatibility functionalities. Moreover, possess characteristics that overcome defects traditional immunotherapy, large drug loading capacity, precise easy modification, thus leading wide application immunotherapy. There are two main classes novel nanoparticles mentioned this review: organic (polymeric nanomaterials, liposomes lipid nanoparticles) inorganic (non-metallic metallic nanomaterials). Besides, fabrication method nanoparticles, Nanoemulsions, was also introduced. In summary, review article mainly discussed research progress based on past few years offers theoretical basis exploring strategies future.

Language: Английский

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d -lactate modulates M2 tumor-associated macrophages and remodels immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(29)

Published: July 19, 2023

The polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from M2 to M1 phenotype demonstrates great potential for remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). d-lactate (DL; a gut microbiome metabolite) acts as an endogenous immunomodulatory agent that enhances Kupffer cells clearance pathogens. In this study, DL transformation TAMs was confirmed, and mechanisms underlying such were mainly due modulation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. A poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle (NP) used load DL, DL-loaded NP modified with HCC membrane macrophage-binding peptide (M2pep), forming nanoformulation (DL@NP-M-M2pep). DL@NP-M-M2pep transformed remodeled TME in mice, promoting efficacy anti-CD47 antibody long-term animal survival. These findings reveal TAM modulatory function provide combinatorial strategy immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Wnt/β-catenin-driven EMT regulation in human cancers

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related deaths among the patients. The transformation epithelial cells into mesenchymal with molecular alterations can occur during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT mechanism accelerates cancer metastasis and drug resistance ability in human cancers. Among different regulators EMT, Wnt/β-catenin axis has been emerged as a versatile modulator. Wnt is active form physiological condition due to function GSK-3β that destructs β-catenin, while ligand–receptor interaction impairs increase β-catenin stability promote its nuclear transfer. Regarding oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin, upregulation occurs cancers it accelerate EMT-mediated resistance. stimulation by binding ligands Frizzled receptors enhance accumulation cytoplasm stimulates related genes upon translocation. Wnt/β-catenin/EMT implicated augmenting both solid hematological tumors. Wnt/EMT-mediated promotes malignant behavior tumor cells, causing therapy be modulated upstream mediators which non-coding RNAs are main regulators. Moreover, pharmacological intervention, mainly using phytochemicals, suppresses Wnt/EMT suppression. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles and convergence of artificial intelligence for targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy: Current progress and challenges

Frontiers in Medical Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Cancer is a life-threatening disease, resulting in nearly 10 million deaths worldwide. There are various causes of cancer, and the prognostic information varies each patient because unique molecular signatures human body. However, genetic heterogeneity occurs due to different cancer types changes neoplasms, which complicates diagnosis treatment. Targeted drug delivery considered pivotal contributor precision medicine for treatments as this method helps deliver medication patients by systematically increasing concentration on targeted body parts. In such cases, nanoparticle-mediated integration artificial intelligence (AI) can help bridge gap enhance localized systems capable biomarker sensing. Diagnostic assays using nanoparticles (NPs) enable identification accumulating specific sites ensuring accurate planning. Integrating NPs targeting AI devise sophisticated that further classify understand complex disease patterns. Advanced algorithms also detection, predicting NP interactions drug, evaluating efficacy. Considering advantages convergence delivery, there has been significantly limited research focusing theme, with most being proposed discovery. Thus, study's primary objective highlight recent advances NPs, their impact personalized treatment plans patients. addition, focal point study how integrating AI, address some existing challenges conducting collective survey.

Language: Английский

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Cell membrane-coated nanomaterials for cancer therapy

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100633 - 100633

Published: April 12, 2023

With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have emerged as a delivery carrier for tumor drug therapy, which can improve therapeutic effect by increasing stability and solubility prolonging half-life drugs. However, are foreign substances humans, easily cleared immune system, less targeted to tumors, may even be toxic body. As natural biological material, cell membranes unique properties, such good biocompatibility, strong targeting ability, ability evade surveillance, high drug-carrying capacity. In this article, we review membrane-coated (CMNPs) their applications therapy. First, briefly describe CMNP characteristics applications. Second, present advantages different well nanoparticles, provide brief description process CMNPs, discuss current status application summarize shortcomings use in cancer propose future research directions. This summarizes progress on CMNPs therapy recent years assesses remaining problems, providing scholars with new ideas

Language: Английский

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Immunoadjuvant-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks：Synthesis and Applications in Tumor Immune Modulation

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

This review explores the synthesis, drug loading, and surface modifications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), highlighting their role in improving cancer immunotherapy paving way for safer more effective treatments.

Language: Английский

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Blood–Brain Barrier‐Penetrating and Lesion‐Targeting Nanoplatforms Inspired by the Pathophysiological Features for Synergistic Ischemic Stroke Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(21)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Ischemic stroke is a dreadful vascular disorder that poses enormous threats to the public health. Due its complicated pathophysiological features, current treatment options after ischemic attack remains unsatisfactory. Insufficient drug delivery lesions impeded by blood–brain barrier (BBB) largely limits therapeutic efficacy of most anti‐stroke agents. Herein, inspired rapid BBB penetrability 4T1 tumor cells upon their brain metastasis and natural roles platelet in targeting injured vasculatures, bio‐derived nanojacket developed fusing cell membrane with membrane, which further clothes on surface paeonol polymetformin‐loaded liposome obtain biomimetic nanoplatforms (PP@PCL) for treatment. The designed PP@PCL could remarkably alleviate ischemia‐reperfusion injury efficiently lesion, preventing neuroinflammation, scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), reprogramming microglia phenotypes, promoting angiogenesis due synergistic mechanisms anchor characteristics stroke. As result, exerts desirable PC12 neuronal rat model stroke, significantly attenuates apoptosis, reduces infarct volume, recovers neurological functions, bringing new insights into exploiting promising strategies cerebral management.

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired AIE Nanomedicine: A Burgeoning Technology for Fluorescence Bioimaging and Phototheranostics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(32)

Published: June 14, 2024

Abstract Nanomedicine on the basis of aggregated‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens with exceptional potency is growing into a sparkling frontier in fluorescence imaging and phototheranostics. Of particular interest biomimetic AIE nanomedicine comprised by biocarrier, which represents win–win integration are recently developed at tremendous pace, mainly benefiting from intrinsic advantages including enhanced biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, specific targeting ability, immune activation, supremely extraordinary phototheranostic outputs. In view inexhaustible vigorous vitality field, this review provides an integrated picture involving basic concepts, significant breakthroughs, recent trends. addition, based current achievements, some critical challenges perspectives also discussed.

Language: Английский

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