Biomarker Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
Abstract
High-frequency
mutations
in
tumor
genomes
could
be
exploited
as
an
asset
for
developing
vaccines.
In
recent
years,
with
the
tremendous
breakthrough
genomics,
intelligence
algorithm,
and
in-depth
insight
of
immunology,
it
has
become
possible
to
rapidly
target
genomic
alterations
cell
rationally
select
vaccine
targets.
Among
a
variety
candidate
platforms,
early
application
mRNA
was
limited
by
instability
low
efficiency
excessive
immunogenicity
until
successful
development
vaccines
against
SARS-COV-2
broken
technical
bottleneck
preparation,
allowing
prepared
economical
way
good
performance
stability
efficiency.
this
review,
we
systematically
summarized
classification
characteristics
antigens,
general
process
methods
screening
neoantigens,
strategies
preparations
advances
clinical
trials,
well
presented
main
challenges
current
development.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 191 - 191
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Vaccines
are
essential
tools
to
prevent
infection
and
control
transmission
of
infectious
diseases
that
threaten
public
health.
Most
agents
enter
their
hosts
across
mucosal
surfaces,
which
make
up
key
first
lines
host
defense
against
pathogens.
Mucosal
immune
responses
play
critical
roles
in
provide
durable
better
recall
responses.
Substantial
attention
has
been
focused
on
developing
effective
vaccines
elicit
robust
localized
systemic
by
administration
via
routes.
yield
protection
superior
parenterally
delivered
vaccines.
Beyond
valuable
immunogenicity,
can
be
less
expensive
easier
administer
without
a
need
for
injection
materials
more
highly
trained
personnel.
However,
faces
many
challenges,
much
effort
directed
at
development.
In
this
article,
we
review
the
history
vaccine
development
present
an
overview
compartment
biology
immunity
plays
defending
infection,
knowledge
helped
inform
We
explore
new
progress
design
optimization
novel
approaches
created
improve
efficacy
safety
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: April 15, 2024
Influenza
remains
a
public
health
threat,
partly
due
to
suboptimal
effectiveness
of
vaccines.
One
factor
impacting
vaccine
is
strain
mismatch,
occurring
when
vaccines
no
longer
match
circulating
strains
antigenic
drift
or
the
incorporation
inadvertent
(eg,
egg-adaptive)
mutations
during
manufacturing.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
evidence
for
viruses
and/or
egg-adaptive
in
2011-2020
influenza
seasons.
Evidence
suggests
that
led
mismatch
four
seasons
and
caused
six
These
findings
highlight
need
alternative
development
platforms.
Recently,
based
on
mRNA
technology
have
demonstrated
efficacy
against
SARS-CoV-2
respiratory
syncytial
virus
are
under
clinical
evaluation
seasonal
influenza.
We
discuss
potential
address
as
well
new
multi-component
strategies
using
platform
improve
effectiveness.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Glycoconjugate
vaccines
are
a
vital
category
of
effective
and
safe
commercial
that
have
significantly
reduced
the
global
prevalence
drug-resistant
bacterial
infections.
These
synthesized
by
covalently
linking
polysaccharide
antigens
to
carrier
protein.
Given
they
produce
stronger
longer-lasting
immune
response
than
pure
polysaccharides
activate
only
B
cells,
glycoconjugate
become
one
most
promising
vaccine
types.
However,
chemical
synthesis
is
complex,
costly,
labor-intensive.
Therefore,
efficient
preparation
biosynthetic
glycoconjugates
using
microbial
cell
factories
has
emerged
as
highly
desirable
manufacturing
alternative.
This
review
focuses
on
advancements
in
recombinant
biosynthesis
summarizes
various
strategies
optimize
their
production.
It
based
three
key
aspects:
selection
oligosaccharyltransferase
(OST),
use
different
proteins,
enhancement
concentrations
uridine
diphosphate
(UDP)-sugar
supply.
Finally,
highlights
technical
challenges
discusses
future
directions
for
vaccines.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(15), P. 3667 - 3667
Published: July 21, 2021
As
the
initiators
of
adaptive
immune
responses,
DCs
play
a
central
role
in
regulating
balance
between
CD8
T
cell
immunity
versus
tolerance
to
tumor
antigens.
Exploiting
their
function
potentiate
host
anti-tumor
immunity,
DC-based
vaccines
have
been
one
most
promising
and
widely
used
cancer
immunotherapies.
However,
not
achieved
promised
success
clinical
trials,
with
major
obstacles
being
tumor-mediated
immunosuppression.
A
recent
discovery
on
critical
type
1
conventional
(cDC1s)
cross-priming
tumor-specific
cells
determining
efficacy
immunotherapies,
however,
has
highlighted
need
further
develop
refine
either
as
monotherapies
or
combination
other
therapies.
DC-derived
exosomes
(DCexos)
heralded
alternative
vaccines,
DCexos
are
more
resistance
suppression
DCexo
exhibited
better
pre-clinical
animal
models.
only
limited
failed
induce
responses
trials.
The
lack
might
be
partly
due
fact
that
all
current
trials
peptide-loaded
from
monocyte-derived
DCs.
In
this
review,
we
will
focus
perspective
expanding
research
move
forward
clinically
realize
potential
immunotherapy.
Annual Review of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
73(1), P. 41 - 54
Published: Oct. 5, 2021
The
worldwide
pandemic
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
led
to
the
unprecedented
pace
development
multiple
vaccines.
This
review
evaluates
how
adenovirus
(Ad)
vector
platforms
have
been
leveraged
in
response
this
pandemic.
Ad
vectors
used
past
for
vaccines
against
other
viruses,
most
notably
HIV
and
Ebola,
but
they
never
produced,
distributed,
or
administered
humans
at
such
a
large
scale.
Several
different
serotypes
Ads
encoding
SARS-CoV-2
Spike
tested
found
be
efficacious
COVID-19.
As
vaccine
rollouts
continue
number
people
receiving
these
increases,
we
will
learn
about
platform
COVID-19
prevention
control.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 26, 2022
Immunotherapy
has
become
the
breakthrough
strategies
for
treatment
of
cancer
in
recent
years.
The
application
messenger
RNA
immunotherapy
is
gaining
tremendous
popularity
as
mRNA
can
function
an
effective
vector
delivery
therapeutic
antibodies
on
immune
targets.
high
efficacy,
decreased
toxicity,
rapid
manufacturing
and
safe
administration
vaccines
have
great
advantages
over
conventional
vaccines.
unprecedent
success
against
infection
proved
its
effectiveness.
However,
instability
inefficient
cast
a
shadow
wide
this
approach.
In
past
decades,
modifications
structure
methods
been
made
to
solve
these
questions.
This
review
summarizes
advancements
existing
challenges
clinical
application,
providing
insights
future
optimization
successful
cancer.
Molecular Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
30(5), P. 1822 - 1849
Published: Jan. 31, 2022
Zoonotic
viruses
continually
pose
a
pandemic
threat.
Infection
of
humans
with
for
which
we
typically
have
little
or
no
prior
immunity
can
result
in
epidemics
high
morbidity
and
mortality.
These
public
health
economic
impact
exacerbate
civil
unrest
political
instability.
Changes
human
behavior
the
past
few
decades-increased
global
travel,
farming
intensification,
exotic
animal
trade,
warming
on
migratory
patterns,
habitats,
ecosystems-contribute
to
increased
frequency
cross-species
transmission
events.
Investing
pre-clinical
advancement
vaccine
candidates
against
diverse
emerging
viral
threats
is
crucial
preparedness.
Replication-defective
adenoviral
(Ad)
vectors
demonstrated
their
utility
as
an
outbreak-responsive
platform
during
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
pandemic.
Ad
are
easy
engineer;
amenable
rapid,
inexpensive
manufacturing;
relatively
safe
immunogenic
humans;
and,
importantly,
do
not
require
specialized
cold-chain
storage,
making
them
ideal
equitable
distribution
stockpiling.
In
this
review,
discuss
progress
applying
Ad-based
vaccines
summarize
safety
profile,
reflected
by
widespread
geographic
use
SARS-CoV-2
