Current Opinion in Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(3), P. 134 - 142
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Purpose
of
review
The
intestinal
microbiome
and
the
gut-liver
axis
play
a
major
role
in
health
disease.
human
gut
harbors
trillions
microbes
disruption
homeostasis
can
contribute
to
liver
In
this
review,
progress
field
within
last
3
years
is
summarized,
focusing
on
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
disease
(MASLD),
alcohol-associated
(ALD),
autoimmune
(AILD),
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Recent
findings
Changes
fecal
virome
fungal
mycobiome
have
been
described
patients
with
various
diseases.
Several
microbial
derived
metabolites
including
endogenous
ethanol
produced
by
bacteria,
mechanistically
linked
such
as
MASLD.
Virulence
factors
encoded
bacteria
ALD,
AILD
HCC.
Novel
therapeutic
approaches
focused
phages,
pre-
postbiotics
successfully
used
preclinical
models.
Fecal
microbiota
transplantation
has
effective
attenuating
Probiotics
are
safe
hepatitis
improve
alcohol
addiction.
Summary
gut–liver
plays
key
pathophysiology
Understanding
help
develop
precise
centered
therapies.
Nature Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(4), P. 611 - 628
Published: March 13, 2023
Abstract
Bile
acids
(BAs)
mediate
the
crosstalk
between
human
and
microbial
cells
influence
diseases
including
Clostridioides
difficile
infection
(CDI).
While
bile
salt
hydrolases
(BSHs)
shape
BA
pool
by
deconjugating
conjugated
BAs,
basis
for
their
substrate
selectivity
impact
on
C.
remain
elusive.
Here
we
survey
diversity
of
BSHs
in
gut
commensals
Lactobacillaceae,
which
are
commonly
used
as
probiotics,
other
members
microbiome.
We
structurally
pinpoint
a
loop
that
predicts
BSH
preferences
either
glycine
or
taurine
substrates.
with
varying
specificities
were
shown
to
restrict
spore
germination
growth
vitro
colonization
pre-clinical
vivo
models
CDI.
Furthermore,
reshape
(MCBAs)
murine
gut,
these
MCBAs
can
further
virulence
vitro.
The
recognition
BAs
defines
resulting
pool,
expansive
MCBAs.
This
work
provides
insights
into
structural
mechanisms
landscape
promote
resistance
against
.
Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
164(7), P. 1069 - 1085
Published: Feb. 24, 2023
The
human
gut
microbiome
has
been
linked
to
numerous
digestive
disorders,
but
its
metabolic
products
have
much
less
well
characterized,
in
part
due
the
expense
of
untargeted
metabolomics
and
lack
ability
process
data.
In
this
review,
we
focused
on
rapidly
expanding
information
about
bile
acid
repertoire
produced
by
microbiome,
including
impacts
acids
a
wide
range
host
physiological
processes
diseases,
discussed
role
short-chain
fatty
other
important
microbiome-derived
metabolites.
Of
particular
note
is
action
metabolites
throughout
body,
which
impact
ranging
from
obesity
aging
disorders
traditionally
thought
as
diseases
nervous
system,
that
are
now
recognized
being
strongly
influenced
it
produces.
We
also
highlighted
emerging
for
modifying
improve
health
or
treat
disease,
"engineered
native
bacteria''
approach
takes
bacterial
strains
patient,
modifies
them
alter
metabolism,
reintroduces
them.
Taken
together,
study
derived
provided
insights
into
pathophysiological
processes,
substantial
potential
new
approaches
diagnostics
therapeutics
disease
of,
involving,
gastrointestinal
tract.
Cell Host & Microbe,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
32(4), P. 506 - 526.e9
Published: March 12, 2024
To
understand
the
dynamic
interplay
between
human
microbiome
and
host
during
health
disease,
we
analyzed
microbial
composition,
temporal
dynamics,
associations
with
multi-omics,
immune,
clinical
markers
of
microbiomes
from
four
body
sites
in
86
participants
over
6
years.
We
found
that
stability
individuality
are
body-site
specific
heavily
influenced
by
host.
The
stool
oral
more
stable
than
skin
nasal
microbiomes,
possibly
due
to
their
interaction
environment.
identify
individual-specific
commonly
shared
bacterial
taxa,
individualized
taxa
showing
greater
stability.
Interestingly,
dynamics
correlate
across
sites,
suggesting
systemic
host-microbial-environment
interactions.
Notably,
insulin-resistant
individuals
show
altered
among
microbiome,
molecular
markers,
features,
disrupted
metabolic
disease.
Our
study
offers
comprehensive
views
multi-site
relationship
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2024
Abstract
Bioengineered
probiotics
enable
new
opportunities
to
improve
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
screening,
prevention
and
treatment.
Here,
first,
we
demonstrate
selective
colonization
of
adenomas
after
oral
delivery
probiotic
E.
coli
Nissle
1917
(EcN)
a
genetically-engineered
murine
model
CRC
predisposition
orthotopic
models
CRC.
We
next
undertake
an
interventional,
double-blind,
dual-centre,
prospective
clinical
trial,
in
which
patients
take
either
placebo
or
EcN
for
two
weeks
prior
resection
neoplastic
adjacent
normal
tissue
(ACTRN12619000210178).
detect
enrichment
tumor
samples
over
from
probiotic-treated
(primary
outcome
the
trial).
Next,
develop
early
intervention
strategies.
To
lesions,
engineer
produce
small
molecule,
salicylate.
Oral
this
strain
results
increased
levels
salicylate
urine
adenoma-bearing
mice,
comparison
healthy
controls.
assess
therapeutic
potential,
locally
release
cytokine,
GM-CSF,
blocking
nanobodies
against
PD-L1
CTLA-4
at
site,
that
reduces
adenoma
burden
by
~50%.
Together,
these
support
use
as
orally-deliverable
platform
disease
treat
through
production
screening
molecules.
