Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e077310 - e077310

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manual searches reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. credibility evidence, pre-specified were applied, graded convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive II”), III”), weak IV”), or no V”). The quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations) framework, categorised “high,” “moderate,” “low,” “very low” quality. Results search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9 888 373). Overall, direct found foods (71%) parameters spanning mortality, cancer, mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic Based on criteria, (class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 1.63; GRADE=very low) type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk 1.12, 1.11 1.13; moderate), prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds 1.48, 1.59; combined common mental disorder 1.53, 1.43 low). Highly II) indicated that directly associated with all cause 1.21, 1.15 1.27; low), heart (hazard 1.66, 1.51 1.84; 1.40, 1.23 very depressive 1.22, 1.16 1.28; together sleep 1.41, 1.24 1.61; wheezing 1.27 1.55; obesity 1.55, 1.36 1.77; Of remaining 34 21 strength III-IV) V). 22 analyses rated low quality, 19 four moderate Conclusions Greater a outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, disorder, These findings provide rationale develop effectiveness population based public measures target reduce dietary improved human health. They also inform support urgent mechanistic research. registration PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Language: Английский

---

Burden of diet-related chronic diseases in Chinese and Japanese adults attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background Chronic diseases are a major cause of death, contributing significantly to the global disease burden. The growing aging population and chronic burden in China Japan have substantial impact on health outcomes. Dietary factors, as key modifiable elements, particularly important. Therefore, we aimed analyze compare dietary factors develop measures reduce this Methods According WHO classification diseases, selected cardiovascular neoplasms, diabetes for analysis. We collected relevant data from GBD database, described analyzed by age, gender, year, created bar trend charts. conducted comparative analysis influencing these three generating heatmaps. joinpoint model was used time trends 1990 2021. Results From 2021, neoplasms declined varying degrees, while continued increase. main risk factor is high red meat diet, high-sodium especially China. In addition, consumption appears serve protective both Chinese Japanese populations. Regarding diabetes, associated with whereas characterized high-processed diet. Conclusion By comparing related Japan, study proposes strategies national healthy diets, such reducing sodium, processed meat, intake increasing whole grains, vegetables, fruit intake. attention should be given status elderly, along targeted education initiatives.

Language: Английский

---

Ultra-Processed Food Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Epidemiological Meta-Analyses

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Objective: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design: Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manually searching reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Inclusion Criteria: reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional study designs that evaluated foods outcomes in humans across lifespan. Results: The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9,888,373). Overall, direct were found (71%) outcome domains spanning cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, respiratory conditions, cancer, mental health, mortality. Based on a pre-specified criteria, convincing (Class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR: 1.50; 95%CIs: 1.37 1.63), type two diabetes (dose-response RR: 1.12; 1.11 1.13), depressive (HR: 1.21; 1.16 1.28), prevalent anxiety (OR: 1.48; 1.59) combined common disorder 1.53; 1.43 1.63). Highly suggestive II) indicated was directly associated with all-cause 1.15 1.27), heart HR: 1.66; 1.51 1.84), 1.40; 1.23 1.59), together obesity 1.55; 1.36 1.77), sleep-related 1.41; 1.24 1.60), wheezing 1.27 1.55). Out remaining 34 21 graded or weak strength III-IV) no V). Using GRADE framework, 22 analyses rated "Low" quality, 19 "Very Low” four "Moderate" quality. Conclusions: Higher risk outcomes, especially disorder, These findings provide rationale effectiveness using population-based measures target reduce dietary for improved human health. Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Language: Английский

---

Complementarity between the updated version of the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score and the food-processing NOVA classification

Public Health Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Objective: To compare the initial and updated versions of front-of-pack label Nutri-Score (related to nutritional content) with NOVA classification degree food processing) at level. Design: Using OpenFoodFacts database – 129,950 products we assessed complementarity between (initial updated) through a correspondence analysis. Contingency tables two systems were used. Settings: The offer in France. Participants: Not applicable. Results: With both (i.e. Nutri-Score, majority ultra-processed received medium poor ratings (between 77·9 % 87·5 depending on version algorithm). Overall, update algorithm led reduction number rated A B an increase D or E for all categories, unprocessed foods being least impacted (–3·8 percentage points (–5·2 %) +1·3 (+12·9 E) most (–9·8 (–43·4 +7·8 (+14·1 E). Among favourably artificially sweetened beverages, plant-based drinks bread penalised categories by revision while low-sugar flavoured waters, fruit legume preparations affected. Conclusion: These results indicate that reinforces its coherence classification, even though measure distinct health dimensions

Language: Английский

---

Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 334 - 334

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The first part of this review highlighted the evolving landscape atherosclerosis, noting emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, growing impact exposomes, and social determinants health. prominent role atherosclerosis in bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease cancer was also discussed. In second part, we examine complex interplay multimorbid cardio-oncologic patients, harmful environments that lend a “syndemic” nature to these chronic diseases. We summarize management strategies targeting disordered factors mitigate explore molecular mechanisms enabling more tailored therapies. Importantly, emphasize early interception through multifactorial interventions detect subclinical signs (via biomarkers imaging) treat modifiable prevent clinical events. A concerted preventive effort—referred by some as “preventome”—is essential reduce burden atherosclerosis-driven diseases, shifting from mere proactive promotion “chronic health”.

Language: Английский

---

Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000–2021

The American Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Impact of ultra‐processed meat products on human health: Review and outlook

Journal of Food Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Modern diets are increasingly dominated by ultra‐processed foods, a shift driven urbanization and lifestyle changes. Among these, meat products (UPMPs) particularly popular due to their appealing flavor texture. However, emerging evidence highlights potential health risks associated with UPMPs. Although rich in high‐quality proteins, the processing methods used UPMPs can affect protein digestibility. Moderate techniques, such as sous‐vide cooking, fermentation, enzymatic tenderization, enhance digestion nutrient absorption, whereas excessive may lead aggregation cross‐linking, reducing Additionally, overuse of additives thermal key concerns UPMP production, leading formation potentially harmful substances, including acrylamide, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, advanced glycation end products. This review examines how different techniques influence digestibility UPMPs, elucidates pathways through which substances generated, assesses impact on gut health, focus microbiota colon. Our synthesis current research indicates that consumption contributes dysbiosis, compromises barrier, increases risk colorectal cancer, though dose‐dependent effects require further clarification. Future should parameters moderate processing, explore natural alternatives additives, examine dose–response relationship between risks, evaluate individual factors, genetics metabolism, impacts

Language: Английский

---

Association between red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective studies

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that red and processed meat consumption may elevate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet magnitude consistency this association remain debated. This meta-analysis aims to quantify relationship between intake CRC, colon cancer, rectal using most comprehensive set prospective studies date. We conducted a search in PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar databases from 1990 November 2024, identify relevant examining red, processed, total relation colorectal, colon, risk. Hazard ratios (HR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted for each study pooled random-effects model account variability among studies. Statistical evaluation was executed online platform MetaAnalysisOnline.com. A 60 included. Red associated with significantly increased (HR = 1.22, CI 1.15–1.30), 1.15, 1.10–1.21), 1.07–1.39). Processed showed similar associations 1.13, 1.07–1.20), 1.21, 1.14–1.28), 1.17, 1.05–1.30). Total also correlated an elevated 1.11–1.35), 1.12–1.22), 1.28, 1.10–1.48). provides robust high meats is cancers. These findings reinforce current dietary recommendations advocating limitation as part prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

---

A Perspective Review on Diet Quality, Excess Adiposity, and Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Implications for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154(4), P. 1069 - 1079

Published: March 6, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common worldwide. While overall incidence of CRC has been decreasing over past 40 years, early-onset colorectal (EOCRC), which defined as a diagnosis in patients younger than 50 years age, increased. In this perspective, we highlight and summarize association between diet quality excess adiposity, EOCRC. We also explore chronic psychosocial stress (CPS), less investigated modifiable risk factor, were able to show that poor-quality diet, characterized by high intake sugary beverages Western pattern (high red processed meats, refined grains, foods with added sugars) can promote factors associated EOCRC development, such an imbalance composition function gut microbiome, presence inflammation, insulin resistance. Excess particularly obesity onset early adulthood, likely contributor research sparse examining CPS CRC/EOCRC, describe pathways linking tumorigenesis. additional needed understand what are driving uptick EOCRC, managing body weight, improving quality, mitigating stress, may play important role reducing individual's

Language: Английский

---

Allura Red AC is a xenobiotic. Is it also a carcinogen?

Carcinogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(10), P. 711 - 720

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract Merriam-Webster and Oxford define a xenobiotic as any substance foreign to living systems. Allura Red AC (a.k.a., E129; FD&C No. 40), synthetic food dye extensively used in manufacturing ultra-processed foods therefore highly prevalent our supply, falls under this category. The surge consumption during the 70s 80s was followed by an epidemic of metabolic diseases emergence early-onset colorectal cancer 1990s. This temporal association raises significant concerns, particularly given widespread inclusion dyes products, notably those marketed toward children. Given its interactions with key contributors carcinogenesis such inflammatory mediators, microbiome, DNA damage, there is growing interest understanding AC’s potential impact on colon health putative carcinogen. review discusses history AC, current research effects rectum, mechanisms underlying health, provides future considerations. Indeed, although no governing agencies classify carcinogen, interaction guardians makes it suspect worthy further molecular investigation. goal inspire into health.

Language: Английский

---