Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 1802866 - 1802866
Published: Aug. 23, 2020
Over
the
last
two
decades
our
understanding
of
gut
microbiota
and
its
contribution
to
health
disease
has
been
transformed.
Among
a
new
'generation'
potentially
beneficial
microbes
have
recognized
are
members
genus
Eubacterium,
who
form
part
core
human
microbiome.
The
consists
phylogenetically,
quite
frequently
phenotypically,
diverse
species,
making
Eubacterium
taxonomically
unique
challenging
genus.
Several
produce
butyrate,
which
plays
critical
role
in
energy
homeostasis,
colonic
motility,
immunomodulation
suppression
inflammation
gut.
spp.
also
carry
out
bile
acid
cholesterol
transformations
gut,
thereby
contributing
their
homeostasis.
Gut
dysbiosis
consequently
modified
representation
linked
with
various
states.
This
review
provides
an
overview
species
from
phylogenetic
perspective,
describes
how
they
alter
diet
age
summarizes
association
conditions.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
568(7753), P. 505 - 510
Published: March 13, 2019
The
genome
sequences
of
many
species
the
human
gut
microbiome
remain
unknown,
largely
owing
to
challenges
in
cultivating
microorganisms
under
laboratory
conditions.
Here
we
address
this
problem
by
reconstructing
60,664
draft
prokaryotic
genomes
from
3,810
faecal
metagenomes,
geographically
and
phenotypically
diverse
humans.
These
provide
reference
points
for
2,058
newly
identified
species-level
operational
taxonomic
units
(OTUs),
which
represents
a
50%
increase
over
previously
known
phylogenetic
diversity
sequenced
bacteria.
On
average,
OTUs
comprise
33%
richness
28%
abundance
per
individual,
are
enriched
humans
rural
populations.
A
meta-analysis
clinical
gut-microbiome
studies
pinpointed
numerous
disease
associations
OTUs,
have
potential
improve
predictive
models.
Finally,
our
analysis
revealed
that
uncultured
undergone
reduction
has
resulted
loss
certain
biosynthetic
pathways,
may
offer
clues
improving
cultivation
strategies
future.
Draft
metagenomes
populations
enrich
understanding
identifying
two
thousand
new
taxa
associations.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
69(9), P. 1691 - 1705
Published: April 22, 2020
Non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
a
public
health
problem,
affecting
up
to
third
of
the
world's
adult
population.
Several
cohort
studies
have
consistently
documented
that
NAFLD
(especially
in
its
more
advanced
forms)
associated
with
higher
risk
all-cause
mortality
and
leading
causes
death
among
patients
are
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVDs),
followed
by
extrahepatic
malignancies
liver-related
complications.
A
growing
body
evidence
also
indicates
strongly
an
increased
major
CVD
events
other
cardiac
complications
(ie,
cardiomyopathy,
valvular
calcification
arrhythmias),
independently
traditional
factors.
This
narrative
review
provides
overview
literature
on:
(1)
for
association
between
cardiovascular,
arrhythmic
complications,
(2)
putative
pathophysiological
mechanisms
linking
(3)
current
pharmacological
treatments
might
benefit
or
adversely
affect
CVD.
Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
69(1), P. 107 - 120
Published: April 17, 2018
The
gut-liver
axis
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
the
pathogenesis
of
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
which
is
third
leading
cause
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
worldwide.
However,
link
between
gut
microbiota
and
hepatocarcinogenesis
remains
to
be
clarified.
aim
this
study
was
explore
what
features
are
associated
with
HCC
patients
cirrhosis
NAFLD.
A
consecutive
series
NAFLD-related
(group
1,
21
patients),
without
2,
20
healthy
controls
3,
patients)
studied
for
profile,
intestinal
permeability,
inflammatory
status,
circulating
mononuclear
cells.
We
finally
constructed
model
depicting
most
relevant
correlations
among
these
features,
possibly
involved
hepatocarcinogenesis.
Patients
showed
increased
levels
fecal
calprotectin,
while
permeability
similar
but
HCC.
Plasma
interleukin
8
(IL8),
IL13,
chemokine
(C-C
motif)
ligand
(CCL)
CCL4,
CCL5
were
higher
group
an
activated
status
monocytes.
whole
abundance
Enterobacteriaceae
Streptococcus
reduction
Akkermansia.
Bacteroides
Ruminococcaceae
group,
Bifidobacterium
reduced.
Akkermansia
inversely
correlated
calprotectin
concentration,
turn
humoral
cellular
markers.
behavior
also
observed
Bacteroides.
Conclusion:
Our
results
suggest
that
NAFLD
profile
systemic
inflammation
significantly
can
concur
process
Journal of Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
71(6), P. 1216 - 1228
Published: Aug. 13, 2019
•During
diet-induced
dysbiosis
the
gut
vascular
barrier
is
disrupted.•Gut
disruption
responsible
for
translocation
of
bacteria
or
bacterial
products
systemically.•Inhibiting
prevents
development
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis.•Obeticholic
acid
can
control
both
in
a
preventive
and
therapeutic
way.
Background
&
AimsFatty
liver
disease,
including
fatty
(NAFLD)
steatohepatitis
(NASH),
has
been
associated
with
increased
intestinal
permeability
into
blood
circulation.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
unravel
role
integrity
microbiota
NAFLD/NASH
development.MethodsC57BL/6J
mice
were
fed
high-fat
diet
(HFD)
methionine-choline-deficient
1
week
longer
recapitulate
aspects
NASH
(steatosis,
inflammation,
insulin
resistance).
Genetic
pharmacological
strategies
then
used
modulate
integrity.ResultsWe
show
that
epithelial
(GVB)
are
early
events
pathogenesis.
Mice
HFD
only
undergo
drives
GVB
damage
liver.
Fecal
transplantation
from
HFD-fed
specific
pathogen-free
recipients
induces
epididymal
adipose
tissue
enlargement.
depends
on
interference
WNT/β-catenin
signaling
pathway,
as
shown
by
genetic
intervention
driving
β-catenin
activation
endothelial
cells,
preventing
development.
The
bile
analogue
farnesoid
X
receptor
agonist
obeticholic
(OCA)
cells.
Accordingly,
pharmacologic
OCA
protects
against
disruption,
agent.
Importantly,
found
upregulation
leakage
marker
colon
patients
NASH.ConclusionsWe
have
identified
new
player
development,
GVB,
whose
leads
product
Treatment
at
restoring
such
administration
OCA,
development.Lay
summaryThe
incidence
disease
reaching
epidemic
levels
USA,
more
than
30%
adults
having
NAFLD
(non-alcoholic
disease),
which
progress
severe
(NASH).
Herein,
NASH.
We
drug
thereby
NASH,
providing
further
evidence
its
use
prevention
treatment
Fatty
C57BL/6J
integrity.
