The
COVID-19
pandemic
over
the
past
years
has
shown
a
great
need
for
rapid,
low-cost
and
on-site
detection
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
In
this
paper,
an
aptamer-based
colloidal
gold
nanoparticle
lateral
flow
test
strip
was
well
developed
to
realize
visual
wild
type
SARS-CoV-2
spike
protein
(SP)
multiple
variants.
Under
optimal
reaction
conditions,
low
limit
S
0.68
nM
acquired,
actual
recovery
83.3%
108.8%
real
world
samples.
This
suggests
potential
tool
prompt
with
good
sensitivity
accuracy,
new
method
development
alternative
antibody
strips
other
viral
targets.
AIMS Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(2), P. 375 - 401
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Over
the
last
three
years,
after
outbreak
of
COVID-19
pandemic,
an
unprecedented
number
novel
diagnostic
tests
have
been
developed.
Assays
to
evaluate
immune
response
SARS-CoV-2
widely
considered
as
part
control
strategy.
The
lateral
flow
immunoassay
(LFIA),
detect
both
IgM
and
IgG
against
SARS-CoV-2,
has
studied
a
point-of-care
(POC)
test.
Compared
laboratory
tests,
LFIAs
are
faster,
cheaper
user-friendly,
thus
available
also
in
areas
with
low
economic
resources.
Soon
onset
numerous
kits
for
rapid
antibody
detection
were
put
on
market
emergency
use
authorization.
However,
since
then,
scientists
tried
better
define
accuracy
these
their
usefulness
different
contexts.
In
fact,
while
during
first
phase
pandemic
auxiliary
molecular
diagnosis
COVID-19,
successively
became
tool
seroprevalence
surveillance
address
infection
policies.
When
2021
massive
vaccination
campaign
was
implemented
worldwide,
interest
LFIA
reemerged
due
need
establish
extent
longevity
immunization
vaccinated
population
priorities
guide
health
policies
low-income
countries
limited
access
vaccines.
Here,
we
summarize
accuracy,
advantages
limits
POC
detection,
highlighting
efforts
that
made
improve
this
technology
over
few
years.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 459 - 459
Published: April 25, 2024
Understanding
the
antibody
response
to
SARS-CoV-2,
virus
responsible
for
COVID-19,
is
crucial
comprehending
disease
progression
and
significance
of
vaccine
therapeutic
development.
The
emergence
highly
contagious
variants
poses
a
significant
challenge
humoral
immunity,
underscoring
necessity
grasping
intricacies
specific
antibodies.
This
review
emphasizes
pivotal
role
antibodies
in
shaping
immune
responses
their
implications
diagnosing,
preventing,
treating
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
It
delves
into
kinetics
characteristics
explores
current
antibody-based
diagnostics,
discussing
strengths,
clinical
utility,
limitations.
Furthermore,
we
underscore
potential
SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibodies,
various
therapies
such
as
monoclonal
polyclonal
anti-cytokines,
convalescent
plasma,
hyperimmunoglobulin-based
therapies.
Moreover,
offer
insights
vaccines,
emphasizing
neutralizing
order
confer
immunity
along
with
emerging
concern
(VOCs)
circulating
Omicron
subvariants.
We
also
highlight
challenges
field,
risks
antibody-dependent
enhancement
(ADE)
shed
light
on
associated
original
antigenic
sin
(OAS)
effect
long
COVID.
Overall,
this
intends
provide
valuable
insights,
which
are
advancing
sensitive
diagnostic
tools,
identifying
efficient
therapeutics,
developing
effective
vaccines
combat
evolving
threat
global
scale.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(6), P. 2816 - 2823
Published: June 1, 2022
Estimating
seroepidemiolgical
prevalence
of
SARS-CoV-2
antibody
is
an
essential
public
health
strategy.
There
insufficient
evidence
among
those
belonging
to
young
age
population
in
India.To
compare
the
seropositivity
rate
between
children
and
adults
selected
sites
from
India.This
was
a
multicentric
population-based
seroepidemiological
study
conducted
urban
rural
areas
five
four
states
(Delhi,
Odisha,
Uttar
Pradesh,
Tripura)
India.
Participants
aged
≥1
year
were
included
different
clusters
each
area.
Total
serum
against
virus
assessed
qualitatively
by
using
standard
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
kit.Data
collection
period
15
March
2021
10
June
2021.
available
data
4509
participants,
whom
700
<18
years
3809
≥18
age.
The
site-wise
number
2-17
92,
189,
165,
146
108
for
Delhi
urban,
rural,
Bhubaneswar
Gorakhpur
Agartala
area,
respectively.
seroprevalence
55.7%
group
63.5%
group.
female
58%
male
53%.SARS-CoV-2
high
comparable
that
adult
population.
Hence,
it
unlikely
any
future
third
wave
prevailing
variant
would
disproportionately
infect
2
or
older.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(26), P. 16819 - 16831
Published: June 18, 2024
The
rapid
spread
of
SARS-CoV-2
caused
the
COVID-19
pandemic
and
accelerated
vaccine
development
to
prevent
virus
control
disease.
Given
sustained
high
infectivity
evolution
SARS-CoV-2,
there
is
an
ongoing
interest
in
developing
serology
tests
monitor
population-level
immunity.
To
address
this
critical
need,
we
designed
a
paper-based
multiplexed
vertical
flow
assay
(xVFA)
using
five
structural
proteins
detecting
IgG
IgM
antibodies
changes
immunity
levels.
Our
platform
not
only
tracked
longitudinal
levels
but
also
categorized
into
three
groups:
protected,
unprotected,
infected,
based
on
antibodies.
We
operated
two
xVFAs
parallel
detect
total
40
μL
human
serum
sample
<20
min
per
test.
After
assay,
images
sensor
panel
were
captured
mobile
phone-based
custom-designed
optical
reader
then
processed
by
neural
network-based
serodiagnostic
algorithm.
algorithm
was
trained
with
120
measurements/tests
30
samples
from
7
randomly
selected
individuals
blindly
tested
31
8
different
individuals,
collected
before
vaccination
as
well
after
or
infection,
achieving
accuracy
89.5%.
competitive
performance
xVFA,
along
its
portability,
cost-effectiveness,
operation,
makes
it
promising
computational
point-of-care
(POC)
test
for
monitoring
immunity,
aiding
timely
decisions
administration
booster
vaccines
general
public
health
policies
protect
vulnerable
populations.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Aug. 12, 2022
Background
Owing
to
the
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
and
emergency
use
of
different
types
COVID-19
vaccines,
there
is
an
urgent
need
consider
effectiveness
persistence
vaccines.
Methods
We
investigated
immunogenicity
CoronaVac
Covilo,
two
inactivated
vaccines
against
that
each
contain
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
The
levels
neutralizing
antibodies
live
SARS-CoV-2
inhibition
rates
pseudovirus,
as
well
immunoglobulin
(Ig)G
IgM
responses
towards
spike
(S)
nucleocapsid
(N)
protein
at
180
days
after
two-dose
vaccination
were
detected.
Results
Covilo
induced
similar
antibody
responses.
Regarding
SARS-CoV-2,
77.9%
vaccine
recipients
78.3%
(aged
18–59
years)
seroconverted
by
28
second
dose.
SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibodies,
97.1%
95.7%
a
pseudovirus
Delta
variant
significantly
lower
compared
with
those
wildtype
SARS-CoV-2.
Associated
participant
characteristics
levels,
persons
in
older
age
group
basic
disease,
especially
chronic
tended
have
anti-SARS-CoV-2
seroconversion
rates.
Conclusion
Antibodies
elicited
these
appeared
wane
following
their
peak
dose,
but
they
persisted
detectable
through
6
months
was
than
which
suggests
attention
must
be
paid
protective
effectiveness,
its
persistence,
on
variants.
Nanophotonics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(18), P. 4159 - 4181
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
The
research
in
the
field
of
optical
biosensors
is
continuously
expanding,
thanks
both
to
introduction
brand
new
technologies
and
ingenious
use
established
methods.
A
awareness
on
potential
societal
impact
this
has
arisen
as
a
consequence
Covid-19
pandemic.
availability
generation
analytical
tools
enabling
more
accurate
understanding
bio-molecular
processes
or
development
distributed
diagnostic
devices
with
improved
performance
now
greater
demand
clearly
envisioned,
but
not
yet
achieved.
In
review,
we
focus
emerging
innovation
opportunities
conveyed
by
label-free
biosensors.
We
review
most
recent
innovations
biosensor
technology
consideration
their
competitive
selected
application
areas.
operational
simplicity
implicit
detection
can
be
exploited
novel
rapid
compact
for
applications.
adaptability
any
molecular
recognition
conformational
process
facilitates
integration
DNA
nanostructures
carrying
functions.
high
sensitivity
nanoscale
objects
stimulates
ultrasensitive
systems
down
digital
single
binding
events
enhanced
nanoparticles
direct
enumeration
bio-nanoparticles
like
viruses.
