Sex differences in neural mechanisms mediating reward and addiction

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 166 - 183

Published: June 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Psychological factors associated with substance use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 113407 - 113407

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Association of Drug Cues and Craving With Drug Use and Relapse

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(7), P. 641 - 641

Published: June 1, 2022

Importance

Craving, which is a strong desire for drugs, newDSM-5diagnostic criterion substance use disorders (SUDs), are the most prevalent, costly, and deadly forms of psychopathology. Despite decades research, roles drug cues craving in relapse remain controversial.

Objective

To assess whether 4 types cue indicators, including exposure, physiological reactivity, cue-induced craving, self-reported (without exposure), prospectively associated with relapse.

Data Sources

Google Scholar was searched published studies from inception through December 31, 2018. In addition, backward forward searches were performed on included articles to identify additional articles.

Study Selection

Included reported prospective statistic that linked indicators at time 1 or 2, humans. Extraction Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines followed. Study characteristics statistics extracted and/or coded by 2 authors then checked other. Statistical analyses May July 2021.

Main Outcomes Measures

Random-effects models used calculate odds ratios (ORs) representing association between subsequent use/relapse.

Results

A total 18 205 records identified, 237 included. Across 656 statistics, 51 788 human participants (21 216 confirmed SUDs), significant all use/relapse found (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.94-2.15), such 1-unit increase more than double future Rosenthal fail-safe analysis revealed 180 092 null would need be nullify this finding. Trim-and-fill brought adjusted effect size an OR 1.31 (95% 1.25-1.38). Moderator showed some strongest associations real images, outcome, same-day lag, using ecological momentary assessment, male participants.

Conclusions Relevance

Findings systematic review meta-analysis suggest play outcomes important mechanism underlying SUDs. Clinically, these results support incorporating assessment across stages treatment, as early primary care.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Advances in Sex- and Gender-Informed Medicine to Improve the Health of All

JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 180(4), P. 574 - 574

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Importance

Biological sex and sociocultural gender represent major sources of diversity among patients, recent research has shown the association with health. A growing body literature describes widespread associations cells, organs, manner in which individual patients interact health care systems. Sex- gender-informed medicine is a young paradigm clinical practice medical founded on this that considers each element disease process from risk, to presentation, response therapy.

Observations

Characteristics underlie involve both endogenous exogenous factors change throughout life course. This review details examples broad applicability highlight differences key domains genetics, epigenomic modifiers, hormonal milieu, immune function, neurocognitive aging process, vascular health, therapeutics, interaction These one another multidimensional associations, contributing spectra. Novel identified relevance potential improve for all patients.

Conclusions Relevance

Clinicians should consider incorporating their decision-making precision integrates fundamental components patient individuality. Recognizing biological environmental affect course imperative optimizing patient. Research highlights myriad ways play role disease. However, these clinically relevant insights have yet be systematically incorporated into care. The framework described serves as guide help clinicians they medicine.

Language: Английский

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Treatment for substance use disorders in pregnant women: Motivators and barriers

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 107652 - 107652

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 203 - 229

Published: May 9, 2023

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and exact a large toll on individuals’ health, well‐being, social functioning. Long‐lasting changes in brain networks involved reward, executive function, stress reactivity, mood, self‐awareness underlie the intense drive to consume substances inability control this urge person who suffers from addiction (moderate or severe SUD). Biological (including genetics developmental life stages) adverse childhood experiences) determinants of health recognized factors that contribute vulnerability for resilience against developing SUD. Consequently, prevention strategies target risk can improve outcomes and, when deployed adolescence, decrease these disorders. SUDs treatable, evidence clinically significant benefit exists medications (in opioid, nicotine alcohol disorders), behavioral therapies all SUDs), neuromodulation disorder). Treatment should be considered within context Chronic Care Model, with intensity intervention adjusted severity disorder concomitant treatment comorbid psychiatric physical conditions. Involvement care providers detection management SUDs, including referral cases specialized care, offers sustainable models further expanded telehealth. Despite advances our understanding individuals conditions continue stigmatized some countries, incarcerated, highlighting need dismantle policies perpetuate their criminalization instead develop ensure support access treatment.

Language: Английский

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A Hypothesis of Gender Differences in Self-Reporting Symptom of Depression: Implications to Solve Under-Diagnosis and Under-Treatment of Depression in Males

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

The phenomenon of female preponderance in depression has been well-reported, which challenged by higher rates suicide and addictive behaviors males, a longer life-span females. We thus propose an alternative hypothesis “Gender differences self-reporting symptom depression,” suggesting mild-moderate tends to be reported more often females, severe tend males. Potential mechanisms that account for this difference may include three aspects: covariation between estrogen levels the incidence peak depression, gender coping style (e.g., comparative emotional inexpressiveness non-help-seeking males), phenotypes atypical symptoms male depression). Our newly presented implied overlooked under-diagnosis under-treatment For effective diagnoses timely treatment it is critical incorporate males into relevant diagnostic criteria, encourage express negative emotions, increase awareness suicidal behavior

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Other Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses Among US Transgender and Cisgender Adults

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. e2036512 - e2036512

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Substance use disorders are a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. National data comparing prevalence substance disorder diagnoses (SUDDs) among transgender cisgender individuals lacking To investigate SUDDs adults to identify within-group between-group differences by age, gender, geographic location. This cross-sectional study used OptumLabs Data Warehouse analyze deidentified claims from approximately 74 million aged 18 years or older enrolled commercial Medicare Advantage insurance plans 2017. A total 15 637 were identified based on previously developed algorithm using combination International Classification Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) transgender-related diagnosis procedure codes sex-discordant hormone prescriptions. cohort 46 911 was matched 3:1 ratio age SUDDs, ICD-10 codes, assessed overall compared between cohorts region (ie, Northeast, Midwest, South, West); groups (eg, 18-25, 26-30, 31-35 years), gender transfeminine [TF; assigned male sex at birth, along feminine spectrum], transmasculine [TM; female masculine male, female). In this (4955 [31.7%] TM) (23 247 [50.4%] men), most (8627 [55.2%]; 51 762 [55.2%]) 40 years, 6482 (41.5%) 19 446 lived South. Comparing groups, significant found nicotine (2594 [16.6%] vs 2551 [5.4%]; P < .001), alcohol (401 [2.6%] 438 [0.9%]; drug (678 [4.3%] 549 [1.2%]; .001) SUDDs. Among adults, cannabis prevalent SUDD (321 [2.1%]), followed opioid (205 [1.3%]) cocaine (81 [0.5%]), whereas equally (cannabis, 186 [0.4%]; opioid, 207 [0.4%]), (59 [0.1%]). study, significantly elevated relative their peers. These findings underscore need for culturally tailored clinical interventions treat populations.

Language: Английский

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A Gender Perspective of Addictive Disorders

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 89 - 99

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Patterns of substance use among adolescents: A systematic review

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 108222 - 108222

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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