Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 171153 - 171153

Published: March 7, 2024

About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million become waste annually. Global dependence upon from natural rubber petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent complex environmental problem with only partial often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, chemical compounds, which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic routes built environments. Production use generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, other that can toxic alone or as cocktails. Used require storage space, energy intensive to recycle, generally have few post-wear uses not also potential sources pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). particles emitted during major component microplastics urban runoff source unique highly potent substances. Thus, represent ubiquitous pollutant requires comprehensive examination develop effective management remediation. We approach issue pollution holistically by examining life cycle across production, emissions, recycling, disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research data human health risks associated use, disposal discuss gaps our knowledge fate transport, well toxicology leachates. examine remediation approaches for addressing exposure tires. consider three levels: their state, particulates, mixture Finally, information understanding outline key questions improve ability manage remediate pollution.

Language: Английский

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Chronic exposure to tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPD-quinone impairs sperm quality and induces the damage of reproductive capacity in male mice

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 470, P. 134165 - 134165

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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p-Phenylenediamine Derivatives in Tap Water: Implications for Human Exposure

Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1128 - 1128

Published: April 16, 2024

Human exposure to p-phenylenediamine derivatives (PPDs) may induce hepatotoxicity and altered glycolipid metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated the wide presence of PPDs in environmental matrixes. However, until now, occurrence tap water has not been well known. This study analyzed nine collected from Hangzhou Taizhou, China. The results showed that seven were detected samples (n = 131), with concentration total ranging 0.29 7.9 ng/L (mean: 1.6 ng/L). N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD; mean: 0.79 ng/L, <LOD−5.7 ng/L) was predominant PPD Hangzhou, followed by N, N′-di-2-butyl-p-phenylenediamine (44PD; 0.39 <LOD−2.2 N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (IPPD; 0.31 <LOD−1.4 Five Taizhou 30). N-phenyl-N′-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD; 1.0 <LOD−4.2 6PPD (0.93 <LOD−2.6 44PD (0.78 <LOD−1.8 mean daily intake (DI) for adults children estimated be 4.9–24 6.4–32 pg/kg bw/day, respectively. Meanwhile, DI living 11–31 14–40 To our knowledge, this provides first data on water, which is vital human risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 123835 - 123835

Published: March 21, 2024

Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in ocean following abrasion synthetic fibres. In addition to themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone forms toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses danger aquatic life. There knowledge gap understanding risks associated combined toxicity nanoplastics (NPs) 6PPDq. The present study aimed investigate NPs 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, combination PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure explores molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes neurotransmitters fatty acid metabolism that dysregulated by co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed both PS-NPs impacted cellular processes sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, muscle tissue development. effects stronger co-exposed zebrafish, indicating heightened risk integrity mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight significance mixture when studying chemicals like

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal variation of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in dust and soil from e-waste recycling areas

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 923, P. 171495 - 171495

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 471, P. 134401 - 134401

Published: April 25, 2024

Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater analyzed for metals organic compounds, leachates revealed presence polyaromatic hydrocarbons 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure (1.5 1000 mg peq L−1) inhibited algae growth induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy like zinc have been suggested players leachate toxicity, this emphasizes water-leachable compounds primary causative agents observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore need reduce pollution aquatic systems enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives. pose significant threat, contributing releasing harmful chemical contaminants. unveils hazardous nature introducing detrimental ecosystems. Identified pollutants, notably hydrocarbons, induce impede growth, alter behavior, disrupt signaling pathways. These revelations emphasize material affecting life at multiple levels, posing risks health both ecosystems and, potentially, human well-being. Enhancing our understanding mechanisms is crucial mitigating these safeguarding from deleterious

Language: Английский

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Effects of environmental concentrations of 6PPD and its quinone metabolite on the growth and reproduction of freshwater cladoceran

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 175018 - 175018

Published: July 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comparative toxic effect of tire wear particle-derived compounds 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone to Chlorella vulgaris

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 951, P. 175592 - 175592

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Watershed analysis of urban stormwater contaminant 6PPD-Quinone hotspots and stream concentrations using a process-based ecohydrological model

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 6, 2024

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are highly sensitive to 6PPD-Quinone (6PPD-Q). Details of the hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling spatial temporal dynamics 6PPD-Q fate transport from points deposition receiving waters (e.g., streams, estuaries) poorly understood. To understand 6PPD mechanisms leading mortality Visualizing Ecosystem Land Management Assessments (VELMA), an ecohydrological model developed by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was enhanced better inform stormwater management planning municipal, state, federal partners seeking reduce contaminant loads in urban streams draining Puget Sound National Estuary. This work focuses on 5.5 km2 Longfellow Creek upper watershed (Seattle, Washington, United States), which has long exhibited high rates acute runoff syndrome coho salmon. We present VELMA results elucidate these for across multiple scales-from 5-m grid cells entire watershed. Our highlight controls flow paths, hotspots within its infrastructure, that ultimately impact Sound. Simulated daily average available observed peak in-stream grab sample concentrations (ng/L) corresponds plus or minus 10 ng/L. Most importantly, VELMA's high-resolution analysis provides a tool prioritizing locations, amounts, types green infrastructure can most effectively stream levels protective other aquatic species.

Language: Английский

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