Altered Structure and Function of Murine Sclera in Form-Deprivation Myopia DOI Creative Commons
Dillon M. Brown,

Michael A. Kowalski,

Quinn M. Paulus

et al.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(13), P. 13 - 13

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Purpose: The sclera is believed to biomechanically influence eye size, facilitating the excessive axial elongation that occurs during myopigenesis. Here, we test hypothesis will be remodeled and exhibit altered biomechanics in mouse model of form-deprivation (FD) myopia, accompanied by retinoid concentrations, a potential signaling molecule involved process. Methods: Male C57 Bl/6J mice were subjected unilateral FD (n = 44 eyes), leaving contralateral untreated (contra; n 44). Refractive error ocular biometry measured vivo prior after 1 or 3 weeks FD. Ex measurements made scleral biomechanical properties (unconfined compression: 24), sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content (dimethylmethylene blue: 18, immunohistochemistry: 22), all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentrations (retina RPE + choroid sclera, 24). Age-matched naïve controls included for some outcomes 32 eyes). Results: Significant myopia developed (−2.4 ± 1.1 diopters [D], P < 0.001) (−4.1 0.7 D, 0.025; mean standard deviation). Scleral tensile stiffness permeability significantly myopigenesis (stiffness −31.4 12.7%, 0.001, 224.4 205.5%, 0.001). Total sGAG was not measurably altered; however, immunohistochemistry indicated sustained decrease chondroitin-4-sulfate slower decline dermatan sulfate. atRA increased retinas eyes form-deprived week. Conclusions: We report GAG are All generally follow trends found other species support retina-to-sclera cascade underlying

Language: Английский

Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia DOI Creative Commons
Frank Schaeffel, Barbara Świątczak

Vision Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 108402 - 108402

Published: May 4, 2024

Studies in animal models and humans have shown that refractive state is optimized during postnatal development by a closed-loop negative feedback system uses retinal image defocus as an error signal, mechanism called emmetropization. The sensor to detect its sign resides the retina itself. and/or pigment epithelium (RPE) presumably releases biochemical messengers change choroidal thickness modulate growth rates of underlying sclera. A central question arises: if emmetropization operates system, why does it not stop myopia development? Recent experiments young human subjects (1) emmetropic can perfectly distinguish between real positive simulated defocus, trigger transient axial eye shortening or elongation, respectively. (2) Strikingly, myopic has reduced ability inhibit when imposed. (3) bi-directional response elicited with low spatial frequency information below 8 cyc/deg, which makes unlikely optical higher-order aberrations play role. (4) for detection involves comparison blur blue (S-cone) red end spectrum (L + M-cones) but, again, responsive, at least short-term experiments. This suggests cannot fully inhibitory arm loop. As result, open loop, becomes "open-loop".

Language: Английский

Citations

16
IMI—Nonpathological Human Ocular Tissue Changes With Axial Myopia DOI Creative Commons
Jost B. Jonas, Richard F. Spaide, Lisa A. Ostrin

et al.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(6), P. 5 - 5

Published: May 1, 2023

To describe nonpathological myopia-related characteristics of the human eye.Based on histomorphometric and clinical studies, qualitative quantitative findings associated with myopic axial elongation are presented.In myopia, eye changes from a spherical shape to prolate ellipsoid, photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium cell density total thickness decrease, most marked in retroequatorial region, followed by equator. The choroid sclera thin, markedly at posterior pole least ora serrata. undergoes alterations fibroblast activity, extracellular matrix content, remodeling. Bruch's membrane (BM) is unrelated length, although BM volume increases. In moderate opening shifts, usually toward fovea, leading overhanging into nasal intrapapillary compartment. Subsequently, absent temporal region (such as parapapillary gamma zone), optic disc takes vertically oval shape, fovea-optic distance elongates without macular elongation, angle kappa reduces, papillomacular vessels nerve fibers straighten stretch. high enlarge, lamina cribrosa, peripapillary scleral flange delta zone) choroidal border tissue lengthen circular zone develop.A thorough characterization ocular myopia importance better understand mechanisms pathological structural changes, psychophysical sequelae visual function.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology DOI Creative Commons

Mutahar Andrabi,

Brian A. Upton, Richard A. Lang

et al.

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 245 - 267

Published: May 17, 2023

We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms directly harness light energy (plants) or decode information for adaptive advantage. animals, the main sensors are family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function best described visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins extraocular sensing behavior camouflage. While it has long been believed mammals do not an capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) neuropsin (OPN5) both known to mediate mice. Examples mediation include photoentrainment circadian clocks skin (by OPN5) acute light-dependent regulation metabolic pathways OPN3 OPN5). This review summarizes current findings expanding field photoreception their relevance human physiology.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Effects of inflammation on myopia: evidence and potential mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Ran Xu, Jing Zheng, Longqian Liu

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

As the most common type of refractive error, myopia has become one leading causes visual impairment. With increasing prevalence myopia, there is a growing need to better understand factors involved in its development. Inflammation, fundamental pathophysiological processes humans, rapid response triggered by harmful stimuli and conditions. Although controlled inflammatory responses are necessary, over-activated inflammation soil for many diseases. The impact on received rising attention recent years. Elevated may contribute progression either directly or indirectly inducing scleral remodeling, development also increase ocular inflammation. This article provides comprehensive review interplay between potential biological mechanisms, which present new targets understanding pathology developing therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Studies of all-transretinoic acid transport in myopigenesis DOI Open Access
Saptarshi Chatterjee,

Ankana Roy,

Jianshi Yu

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Purpose Myopia incidence is increasing globally. All- trans retinoic acid (atRA) important in myopigenic retinoscleral signaling, motivating research on its ocular transport. However, atRA’s weak autofluorescence limits direct visualization tissues. Further, atRA hydrophobic and must bind to protein carriers for We assessed a fluorescent analog of (LightOx TM 14, CAS:198696-03-6, referred as ‘floRA’), an experimentally accessible surrogate by: (i) evaluating binding carrier proteins (ii) visualizing distribution Methods Binding atRA-carrier using fluorescence quenching assays with bovine serum albumin (BSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) retinol 4 (RBP4). Direct Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were euthanized, eyes enucleated, wedges containing sclera choroid incubated specific durations 50 μM floRA+BSA. The wedge centers cryo-sectioned counterstained nuclei. Fluorescent micrographs acquired analyzed ImageJ. Results Association constants (K ) floRA similar ranged from 2-13 × 10 5 M -1 , indicating non-specific binding. could be visualized choroid, yet showed significant spatial heterogeneity (enhanced often colocalizing nuclei). Conclusions reasonable BSA, HDL, Apo RBP4. Considering these proteins’ relative extravascular abundances, their affinity atRA, we predict that carrier. Use whole tissue tracer studies shows promise but requires further refinement.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Review on the potential roles of traditional Chinese medicines in the prevention, treatment, and postoperative recovery of age-related cataract DOI

Xiaomin Liu,

Hui Shi, Wei Li

et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 324, P. 117786 - 117786

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Metabolomic profiling of ocular tissues in rabbit myopia: Uncovering differential metabolites and pathways DOI
Chengpeng Liang,

Fayuan Li,

Chengqi Gu

et al.

Experimental Eye Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 109796 - 109796

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Studies on the interactions of retinal dopamine with choroidal thickness in the chicken DOI Creative Commons

Ute Mathis,

Marita Feldkaemper, Hong Liu

et al.

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 261(2), P. 409 - 425

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Recently, an increasing number of studies relied on the assumption that visually induced changes in choroidal thickness can serve as a proxy to predict future axial eye growth. The retinal signals controlling are, however, not well defined. We have studied potential roles dopamine, released from retina, response chicken.Changes dopamine release and were by intravitreal injections either atropine (250 µg or 360 nMol), combined with antagonist, spiperone (500 µMol), alone tracked optical coherence tomography (OCT). To stimulate release, other chicks exposed flicker light 1, 10, 400 Hz (duty cycle 0.2) was tracked. In all experiments, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) measured vitreous, choroid high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection (HLPC-ED). distribution rate-limiting enzyme synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha2A adrenoreceptors (alpha2A-ADR) immunofluorescence.The thickened strongly atropine-injected eyes, less so + spiperone-injected eyes became thinner over day alone-, vehicle-, non-injected eyes. Flickering at 20 lx, both 1 10 Hz, prevented diurnal thinning, compared stimulated release. Correlation analysis showed higher levels thicker choroid. TH-, nNOS-, VEGF-, adrenoreceptor-positive nerve fibers localized around lacunae walls blood vessels colocalization TH nNOS, VEGF.Retinal DOPAC positively correlated thickness. TH-positive closely associated peptides known play role myopia development. Findings are line hypothesis is related

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Choroidal thickness, myopia, and myopia control interventions in children: a Meta-analysis and systemic review DOI Creative Commons
Qingyu Meng, Shuting Liang, Xi Wu

et al.

International Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 453 - 464

Published: March 3, 2023

AIM: To investigate changes of choroidal thickness (ChT) in children with myopia and the effect current control interventions on ChT. METHODS: Major literature databases were searched for studies relevant to children. All used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) or enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) measure ChT value. The weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% confidence interval (CI) pooled evaluate RESULTS: A total 11 eligible articles, including 1693 myopic 1132 non-myopic eyes, included first Meta-analysis. sub-foveal (SFCT; WMD=-40.06, 95%CI, -59.36 -20.75, P<0.001) at other sectors significantly thinner eyes compared eyes. Meta-analysis revealed that decreased horizontally from temporal sector toward nasal pediatric population. Another reporting second relationship between treatments SFCT increased after orthokeratology (OK) treatment OK combined 0.01% atropine (OKA) (WMD=19.47, 15.96 22.98, P<0.001; WMD=21.81, 12.92 29.70, P<0.001, respectively). forest plots showed changed little receiving (P=0.30). Furthermore, had a stronger value as (WMD=9.86; -0.21 19.93, P=0.05). There is no OKA (P=0.37). CONCLUSION: than Myopia lead thickening, but such did not show an increase

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Exogenous All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Myopia and Alters Scleral Biomechanics in Mice DOI Creative Commons
Dillon M. Brown, Jianshi Yu, Praveen Kumar

et al.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(5), P. 22 - 22

Published: May 23, 2023

Ocular all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) levels are influenced by visual cues, and exogenous atRA has been shown to increase eye size in chickens guinea pigs. However, it is not clear whether induces myopic axial elongation via scleral changes. Here, we test the hypothesis that will induce myopia alter biomechanics mouse.Male C57BL/6J mice were trained voluntarily ingest + vehicle (1% sugar, 25 mg/kg) (RA: n = 16 animals) or only (Ctrl: 14 animals). Refractive error (RE) ocular biometry measured at baseline after 1 2 weeks of daily treatment. Eyes used ex vivo assays measure (unconfined compression: 18), total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content (dimethylmethylene blue: 23), specific sGAGs (immunohistochemistry: 18).Exogenous caused RE larger vitreous chamber depth (VCD) develop week (RE: -3.7 ± 2.2 diopters [D], P < 0.001; VCD: +20.7 15.1 µm, 0.001), becoming more severe -5.7 D, +32.3 25.8 0.001). The anterior was unaffected. While sGAG measurably affected, significantly altered (tensile stiffness: -30% 19.5%, permeability: +60% 95.3%, 0.001).In mice, treatment results an phenotype. developed VCD without being affected. decrease stiffness permeability sclera consistent with form-deprivation

Language: Английский

Citations

12