Gustatory Processing in Drosophila melanogaster

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 15 - 30

Published: Jan. 7, 2018

The ability to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances is essential for an animal's survival. Although olfaction vision contribute detection, the gustatory system acts as a final checkpoint control acceptance or rejection. vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster tastes many of same stimuli mammals provides excellent model comparative studies taste detection. relative simplicity brain behaviors, along with molecular genetic functional approaches available in this system, allow examination neural circuits from sensory input motor output. This review discusses molecules cells that detect compounds periphery process information brain. These are providing insight into how detection regulates feeding decisions.

Language: Английский

---

Perspectives on the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Advances in Toxicological Science

Current Protocols, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

The use of Drosophila melanogaster for studies toxicology has grown considerably in the last decade. model long been appreciated as a versatile and powerful developmental biology genetics because its ease handling, short life cycle, low cost maintenance, molecular genetic accessibility, availability wide range publicly available strains data resources. These features, together with recent unique developments genomics metabolomics, make fly especially relevant timely development new approach methodologies movements toward precision toxicology. Here, we offer perspective on how flies can be leveraged to identify risk factors environmental exposures human health. First, review discuss fundamental toxicologic principles experimental design Drosophila. Next, describe quantitative systems approaches resolve architecture candidate pathways controlling susceptibility toxicants. Finally, summarize current state future promise emerging field metabolomics elaborating toxic mechanisms. © 2023 Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Language: Английский

---

Sensing of a spore surface protein by a Drosophila chemosensory protein induces behavioral defense against fungal parasitic infections

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 276 - 286.e5

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

In addition to innate immunity in a physiological context, insects have evolved behavioral defenses against parasite attacks. Here, we report that Drosophila can sense the CFEM (common fungal extracellular membrane) protein Mcdc9, which acts as negative virulence factor of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. The individual deletions 18 genes followed by fly infection identified three null mutants could kill flies more quickly than wild-type strain, among Mcdc9 coat spores and interact with chemosensory CheA75a. deletion or knockdown CheA75a had similar effect, greater number were left on respective controls after topical infection. Thus, accelerated death treated ΔMcdc9, CheA75aRNAi succumbed control topically challenged strain. gene is highly transcribed legs wings, positive electrophysiological responses evidenced tarsal sensilla stimulation protein. results imply this be sensed contact elicitor inducing hygienic behavior parasitic infection, reveals previously unsuspected mechanism fungus-insect interactions.

Language: Английский

---

Temperature-dependent modulation of odor-dependent behavior in three drosophilid fly species of differing thermal preference

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Rapid and ongoing climate change increases global temperature, impacts feeding, reproduction in insects. The olfaction plays an important underlying role these behaviors most insect species. Here, we investigated how changing temperatures affect odor detection ensuing behavior three drosophilid flies: Drosophila novamexicana, D. virilis ezoana, species adapted to life desert, global, subarctic climates, respectively. Using a series of thermal preference assays, confirmed that the indeed exhibit distinct temperature preferences. Next, using single sensillum recording technique, classified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) present basiconic sensilla on antenna thereby identified ligands for each OSN type. In trap assays proceeded establish behavioral valence best chose guaiacol, methyl salicylate isopropyl benzoate as representatives repellent, attractant neutral odor. assessed odors all across range (10-35 °C), with flies reared at 18 °C 25 °C. We found both developmental experimental affected performance flies. Our study thus reveals temperature-dependent changes odor-guided

Language: Английский

---

Evolution at multiple processing levels underlies odor-guided behavior in the genus Drosophila

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(22), P. 4771 - 4785.e7

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of Chemical Toxicity in Adult <em>Drosophila Melanogaster</em>

Journal of Visualized Experiments, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 193

Published: March 24, 2023

Human industries generate hundreds of thousands chemicals, many which have not been adequately studied for environmental safety or effects on human health. This deficit chemical information is exacerbated by current testing methods in mammals that are expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Recently, scientists regulators working to develop new approach methodologies (NAMs) cheaper, more rapid, reduce animal suffering. One the key NAMs emerge use invertebrate organisms as replacements mammalian models elucidate conserved modes action across distantly related species, including humans. To advance these efforts, here, we describe a method uses fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, assess safety. The protocol describes simple, inexpensive procedure measure viability feeding behavior exposed adult flies. In addition, can be easily adapted samples genomic metabolomic approaches. Overall, represents an important step forward establishing standard model precision toxicology.

Language: Английский

---

Taste adaptations associated with host specialization in the specialistDrosophila sechellia

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(3)

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

ABSTRACT Chemosensory-driven host plant specialization is a major force mediating insect ecological adaptation and speciation. Drosophila sechellia, species endemic to the Seychelles islands, feeds oviposits on Morinda citrifolia almost exclusively. This fruit harmless D. sechellia but toxic other Drosophilidae, including closely related generalists simulans melanogaster, because of its high content fatty acids. While several olfactory adaptations sechellia’s preference for have been uncovered, role taste has much less examined. We found that reduced feeding aversion bitter compounds acids are aversive melanogaster simulans. The loss canavanine, coumarin arose in lineage, as sister showed responses akin those melanogaster. increased towards M. citrifolia. These results line with genes encode gustatory receptors (GRs) two GR which lost GR39a.a GR28b.a, influence reduction some compounds. Also, appetite prominent acid compound relatives. Our support hypothesis changes system, specifically sensitivity deter generalist ancestors, contribute host.

Language: Английский

---

Evolution of fatty acid taste in drosophilids

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 113297 - 113297

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Comparative studies of related but ecologically distinct species can reveal how the nervous system evolves to drive behaviors that are particularly suited certain environments. Drosophila melanogaster is a generalist feeds and oviposits on most overripe fruits. A sibling species, D. sechellia, an obligate specialist Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit, which rich in fatty acids (FAs). To understand evolution noni taste preference, we characterized behavioral cellular responses noni-associated FAs three drosophilids. We find mixtures sugar evoke strong aversion not sechellia. Surveys sensory FA- species-specific differences at least two mechanisms—bitter neuron activation sweet inhibition–that correlate with shifts preference. Chemoreceptor mutant analysis predicts multiple genetic changes account for gustatory preference

Language: Английский

---

Detection of Bitter Taste Molecules Based on Odorant-Binding Protein-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(42), P. 27536 - 27545

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Bitter taste substances commonly represent a signal of toxicity. Fast and reliable detection bitter molecules improves the safety foods beverages. Here, we report biosensor using an easily accessible cost-effective odorant-binding protein (OBP) Drosophila melanogaster as biosensitive material for molecules. Based on theoretical evaluation protein-ligand interaction, binding energies between OBP were calculated via molecular docking prediction verification affinities. Through one-step reduction, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposited screen-printed electrodes improving electrochemical properties electrodes. After immobilized with OBPs layer-by-layer self-assembly, typical molecules, such denatonium, quinine, berberine, investigated through impedance spectroscopy. The showed significant to linear response concentrations ranging from 10-9 10-6 mg/mL. Therefore, OBP-based offered powerful analytic techniques promising applications in field evaluation.

Language: Английский

---

Smelling in the dark: Phylogenomic insights into the chemosensory system of a subterranean beetle

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(11), P. 2573 - 2590

Published: April 16, 2021

Abstract The chemosensory system has experienced relevant changes in subterranean animals, facilitating the perception of specific chemical signals critical to survival their particular environment. However, genomic basis chemoreception cave‐dwelling fauna been largely unexplored. We generated de novo transcriptomes for antennae and body samples troglobitic beetle Speonomus longicornis (whose characters suggest an extreme adaptation a deep environment) order investigate evolutionary origin diversification gene repertoire across coleopterans through phylogenomic approach. Our results suggested diminished diversity odourant gustatory repertoires compared polyphagous beetles that inhabit surface habitats. Moreover, S . showed large odourant‐binding proteins, suggesting important role these proteins capturing airborne cues. identified duplication ionotropic coreceptor IR25a, highly conserved single‐copy protostomes involved thermal humidity sensing. In addition, no homologous genes sugar receptors or receptor IR41a were detected. findings this cave may result from ecological niche it occupies, loss have played evolution families chemoreception. Altogether, our shed light on invertebrate pave road towards understanding underpinnings lifestyle at deeper level.

Language: Английский

---