American Journal of Epidemiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
192(2), P. 305 - 322
Published: Oct. 13, 2022
Abstract
Wastewater
surveillance
for
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
been
shown
to
be
a
valuable
source
of
information
regarding
SARS-CoV-2
transmission
and
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
cases.
Although
the
method
used
several
decades
track
other
infectious
diseases,
there
not
comprehensive
review
outlining
all
pathogens
that
have
surveilled
through
wastewater.
Herein
we
identify
diseases
previously
studied
via
wastewater
prior
COVID-19
pandemic.
Infectious
were
identified
in
100
studies
across
38
countries,
as
themes
how
measures
linked.
Twenty-five
separate
pathogen
families
included
studies,
with
majority
examining
from
family
Picornaviridae,
including
polio
nonpolio
enteroviruses.
Most
did
link
what
was
found
transmission.
Among
those
did,
value
reported
varied
by
study.
should
considered
potential
public
health
tool
many
diseases.
can
improved
incorporating
at
population-level
incidence
hospitalizations.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(1)
Published: Dec. 14, 2023
SUMMARY
Wastewater-based
surveillance
(WBS)
has
undergone
dramatic
advancement
in
the
context
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic.
The
power
and
potential
this
platform
technology
were
rapidly
realized
when
it
became
evident
that
not
only
did
WBS-measured
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
correlate
strongly
with
COVID-19
clinical
within
monitored
populations
but
also,
fact,
functioned
as
a
leading
indicator.
Teams
from
across
globe
innovated
novel
approaches
by
which
wastewater
could
be
collected
diverse
sewersheds
ranging
treatment
plants
(enabling
community-level
surveillance)
to
more
granular
locations
including
individual
neighborhoods
high-risk
buildings
such
long-term
care
facilities
(LTCF).
Efficient
processes
enabled
extraction
concentration
highly
dilute
matrix.
Molecular
genomic
tools
identify,
quantify,
characterize
its
various
variants
adapted
programs
applied
these
mixed
environmental
systems.
Novel
data-sharing
allowed
information
mobilized
made
immediately
available
public
health
government
decision-makers
even
public,
enabling
evidence-informed
decision-making
based
on
local
dynamics.
WBS
since
been
recognized
tool
transformative
potential,
providing
near-real-time
cost-effective,
objective,
comprehensive,
inclusive
data
changing
prevalence
measured
analytes
space
time
populations.
However,
consequence
rapid
innovation
hundreds
teams
simultaneously,
tremendous
heterogeneity
currently
exists
literature.
This
manuscript
provides
state-of-the-art
review
established
details
current
work
underway
expanding
scope
other
infectious
targets.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
56(21), P. 15007 - 15018
Published: Aug. 2, 2022
Since
the
COVID-19
pandemic
started,
there
has
been
much
speculation
about
how
and
antimicrobial
resistance
may
be
interconnected.
In
this
study,
untreated
wastewater
was
sampled
from
Hospital
A
designated
to
treat
patients
during
first
wave
of
alongside
B
that
did
not
receive
any
patients.
Metagenomics
used
determine
relative
abundance
mobile
potential
antibiotic
resistant
genes
(ARGs),
prior
determining
correlation
ARGs
with
time/incidence
COVID-19.
Our
findings
showed
macrolides,
sulfonamides,
tetracyclines
were
positively
correlated
time
in
but
B.
Likewise,
minor
extended
spectrum
beta-lactamases
(ESBLs)
carbapenemases
classes
D
time,
suggesting
selection
rare
and/or
carbapenem-resistant
A.
Non-carbapenemase
blaVEB
also
both
intI1
copresent
other
including
6
metagenome-assembled
genomes
(MAGs).
This
study
highlighted
concerns
related
dissemination
(AMR)
arise
use
hospital
wastewater.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Nov. 30, 2023
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
profoundly
impacted
health
systems
globally
and
robust
surveillance
been
critical
for
control,
however
not
all
countries
can
currently
sustain
community
pathogen
programs.
Wastewater
proven
valuable
in
high-income
settings,
but
less
is
known
about
the
utility
of
water
pathogens
low-income
countries.
Here
we
show
how
wastewater
SAR-CoV-2
be
used
to
identify
temporal
changes
help
determine
circulating
variants
quickly.
In
Malawi,
a
country
with
limited
community-based
testing
capacity,
explore
rivers
SARS-CoV-2
surveillance.
From
May
2020-May
2022,
collect
from
up
112
river
or
defunct
treatment
plant
sites,
detecting
8.3%
samples.
Peak
detection
samples
predate
peaks
clinical
cases.
Sequencing
identified
Beta,
Delta,
Omicron
variants,
Delta
detected
well
advance
patients.
Our
work
highlights
detect
emerging
waves,
concern,
provide
an
early
warning
system
settings
no
formal
sewage
systems.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: July 30, 2024
The
emergence
and
resurgence
of
pathogens
have
led
to
significant
global
health
challenges.
Wastewater
surveillance
has
historically
been
used
track
water-borne
or
fecal-orally
transmitted
pathogens,
providing
a
sensitive
means
monitoring
within
community.
This
technique
offers
comprehensive,
real-time,
cost-effective
approach
disease
surveillance,
especially
for
diseases
that
are
difficult
monitor
through
individual
clinical
screenings.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(13), P. e33873 - e33873
Published: June 29, 2024
A
focus
on
water
quality
has
intensified
globally,
considering
its
critical
role
in
sustaining
life
and
ecosystems.
Wastewater,
reflecting
societal
development,
profoundly
impacts
public
health.
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
emerged
as
a
surveillance
tool
for
detecting
outbreaks
early,
monitoring
infectious
disease
trends,
providing
real-time
insights,
particularly
vulnerable
communities.
WBE
aids
tracking
pathogens,
including
viruses,
sewage,
offering
comprehensive
understanding
of
community
health
lifestyle
habits.
With
the
rise
global
COVID-19
cases,
gained
prominence,
aiding
SARS-CoV-2
levels
worldwide.
Despite
advancements
treatment,
poorly
treated
wastewater
discharge
remains
threat,
amplifying
spread
water-,
sanitation-,
hygiene
(WaSH)-related
diseases.
WBE,
serving
complementary
surveillance,
is
pivotal
community-level
viral
infections.
However,
there
untapped
potential
to
expand
surveillance.
This
review
emphasizes
importance
link
between
health,
highlighting
need
further
integration
into
management.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Aug. 30, 2023
Introduction
Wastewater-based
surveillance
is
at
the
forefront
of
monitoring
for
community
prevalence
COVID-19,
however,
continued
uncertainty
exists
regarding
use
fecal
indicators
normalization
SARS-CoV-2
virus
in
wastewater.
Using
three
communities
Ontario,
sampled
from
2021–2023,
seasonality
a
viral
indicator
(pepper
mild
mottle
virus,
PMMoV)
and
utility
data
to
improve
correlations
with
clinical
cases
was
examined.
Methods
Wastewater
samples
Warden,
Humber
Air
Management
Facility
(AMF),
Kitchener
were
analyzed
SARS-CoV-2,
PMMoV,
crAssphage.
The
PMMoV
flow
rates
examined
compared
by
Season-Trend-Loess
decomposition
analysis.
effects
using
crAssphage,
comparing
episode
date
(CBED)
during
2021.
Results
Seasonal
analysis
demonstrated
that
had
similar
trends
AMF
peaks
January
April
2022
low
concentrations
(troughs)
summer
months.
Warden
but
more
sporadic
between
troughs
concentrations.
Flow
not
correlated
very
weak
(
r
=
0.12).
Despite
differences
among
sewersheds,
unnormalized
(raw
N1–N2)
concentration
wastewater
n
99–191)
strongly
CBED
0.620–0.854)
Additionally,
did
significantly
reduced
Kitchener.
crAssphage
29–57)
all
sites
different
raw
N1–N2
CBED.
Discussion
Differences
seasonal
biomarkers
caused
sewershed
characteristics
(flow,
input,
etc.)
may
play
role
determining
how
effective
be
improving
(or
not).
This
study
highlights
importance
assessing
influence
on
normalized
or
other
viruses
concern.
Fecal
used
normalize
target
interest
help
hinder
establishing
outcomes
wastewater-based
needs
considered
carefully
across
seasons
sites.
