Life-History Evolution and the Genetics of Fitness Components inDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 214(1), P. 3 - 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Life-history traits or "fitness components"-such as age and size at maturity, fecundity fertility, age-specific rates of survival, life span-are the major phenotypic determinants Darwinian fitness. Analyzing evolution genetics these targets selection is central to our understanding adaptation. Due its simple rapid cycle, cosmopolitan distribution, ease maintenance in laboratory, well-understood evolutionary genetics, versatile genetic toolbox, "vinegar fly"

Language: Английский

---

The metabolism and role of free fatty acids in key physiological processes in insects of medical, veterinary and forensic importance

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9, P. e12563 - e12563

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals significant ecological functions, for example they pollinators many types plants. However, also direct influence on human life in different manners. They high medical veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors disease infection wounds necrotic tissue; plant pests, parasitoids predators whose activities can agriculture. In addition, use treatments, such maggot therapy gangrene wounds, has grown considerably. uses forensic science to determine minimum post-mortem interval provide valuable information about movement body, cause death, drug use, or poisoning. It proposed that may be used model replace mammal systems research. The present review describes free fatty acids (FFAs) key physiological processes insects. By focusing insects medical, we limited our description those important point view insect control; study examines effects reproduction resistance adverse abiotic (low temperature) biotic (pathogens) factors.

Language: Английский

---

Bees exposed to climate change are more sensitive to pesticides

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(22), P. 6248 - 6260

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Bee populations are exposed to multiple stressors, including land-use change, biological invasions, climate and pesticide exposure, that may interact synergistically. We analyze the combined effects of warming sublethal insecticide exposure in solitary bee Osmia cornuta. Previous studies show warm wintering temperatures cause body weight loss, lipid consumption, fat depletion. Because plays a key role xenobiotic detoxification, we expected bees scenarios would be more sensitive pesticides. O. cornuta females three treatments: current scenario (2007-2012 temperatures), near-future (2021-2050 projected distant-future (2051-2080). Upon emergence spring, were orally doses an (Closer, a.i. sulfoxaflor; 0, 4.55 11.64 ng a.i./bee). measured on phototactic response, syrup longevity. Wintering treatment by itself did not affect winter mortality, but loss increased with increasing temperatures. Similarly, hardly influenced response or consumption. However, wintered at warmest had shorter longevity, strong fecundity predictor Osmia. Insecticide especially high dose, impaired ability respond light, resulted reduced consumption The combination dose 70% longevity decrease. Smaller bees, resulting from smaller pollen-nectar provisions, suggesting nutritional stress further compromise Our results synergistic interaction between two major drivers declines, indicate will become pesticides under global scenario. findings have important implications for regulation underscore need consider stressors understand declines.

Language: Английский

---

Optimal dietary protein to carbohydrate ratio for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 789 - 798

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens , BSF) larvae can utilise biowaste streams and convert them into high-quality larval biomass. However, the nutritional requirements of BSF are largely unknown remain to be identified optimally use for rearing. The current study thus investigated optimal dietary protein carbohydrate ratio industrially reared food feed applications. In addition a chicken control with crude non-fibre (P:C) 1:3, six isoenergetic isolipidic experimental substrates were formulated P:C ratios ranging between 1:1 – 1:9. Each substrate was fed triplicate groups 5-days old (n=10,000 per box) under commercial scale conditions 11 days before harvesting. Highest overall performance observed on 1:2 corresponding energy (P:E) 11.2-14.4 g/MJ. Larvae these had highest final yield, survival, lowest conversion ratio. Feeding most protein-biased (P:C 1:1.5) or carbohydrate-biased 1:9) significantly lowered survival. Additionally, more resulted in prolonged development time. summary, found that 1:3 (11.2-14.4 g/MJ P:E) terms obtaining yield ensuring best utilisation resources production while meeting macro-nutritional requirements.

Language: Английский

---

Developmental stage-dependent response and preference for host plant quality in an insect herbivore

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 27 - 38

Published: March 1, 2019

Larval-derived nutritional reserves are essential in shaping insects' adult fitness. Early larval instars of many Lepidopteran species often sessile, and the conditions experienced by these larvae highly dependent on mother's oviposition choice. Later stages more mobile therefore can choose their food whenever alternatives available. We tested how feeding a drought-exposed host plant impacts life history an insect herbivore, whether observed responses depended developmental stage. used drought to alter quality ribwort plantain, Plantago lanceolata, assessed preference postdiapause females increased own or offspring's performance, respectively, Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia. Larval response plants varied with stage: early (prediapause) had decreased survival body mass plants, while later (postdiapause) developed faster, weighed higher growth rate plants. Postdiapause also showed for i.e. those that but only when fed well-watered Adult females, other hand, hence matching performance prediapause not offspring. Our results highlight variation environmental generates stage-specific insects. Individuals fine-tune diet behavioural adjustments is

Language: Английский

---

The influence of developmental diet on reproduction and metabolism in Drosophila

BMC Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: July 29, 2020

The adaptive significance of phenotypic changes elicited by environmental conditions experienced early in life has long attracted attention evolutionary biology. In this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster to test whether the developmental diet produces phenotypes better adapted cope with similar nutritional later life. To discriminate among competing hypotheses on underlying nature plasticity, employed a full factorial design several and adult diets. Specifically, examined effects early- late-life diets (by varying their yeast sugar contents) reproductive fitness amount energy reserves (fat glycogen) two wild-caught populations.We found that individuals had developed either low-yeast or high-sugar showed decreased performance regardless environment. lower might be caused smaller body size reduced ovariole number. Overall, these results are consistent silver spoon concept, which posits development suboptimal environment negatively affects fitness-associated traits. On other hand, higher (fat) represent an response side-effect compensatory feeding.Our findings suggest observed differences physiology induced early-life likely result from inevitable general nutrition metabolic organs, rather than mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Reproductive output and other adult life-history traits of black soldier flies grown on different organic waste and by-products

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 136 - 144

Published: April 11, 2024

The interest in mass-rearing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for food and feed is rapidly increasing. This partly sparked by the ability of to efficiently valorise a wide range organic waste by-products. Primarily, research has focused on larval stage, hence underprioritizing aspects adult biology, knowledge reproduction-related traits such as egg production needed. We investigated impact different by-products diets various life-history flies large-scale experimental setup. reared four diets: spent Brewer's grain, ground carrots, Gainesville diet, oranges. Traits assessed were development time pupa life-stages, body mass, female lifespan, production, hatch. Larval diet significantly impacted adult, size, production. In general, grain developed up 4.7 d faster, lived 2.3 longer, produced 57% more eggs compared oranges which they performed worst these traits. There was no effect type hatch, suggesting that low-nutritious diets, i.e. carrots oranges, do not reduce quality but merely quantity eggs. Our results demonstrate importance reproductive output other traits, all important an efficient valorisation by-products, sustainable insect-based

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Larval Starvation Stress on the Life History and Adult Fitness of Fall Webworm, Hyphantria Cunea

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 410 - 410

Published: April 14, 2025

Insects often encounter starvation stress, especially during invasion spread or population outbreaks. The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), is an important invasive pest in China, and the resistance of its larvae determines resulting outbreak threat. In this study, we investigated H. effects stress on their life history adult fitness. Larval increased along with instar stage, second-day sixth molt was critical for resistance. response to reflected multiple biological indicators observed cunea. Complete food deprivation reduced pupation survival rate larvae, prolonged developmental duration, pupal body mass, shortened forewing length lifespan, female egg production. showed a certain ability recover after refeeding. However, negative impacts period larval traits, such as rate, longevity, fecundity, were still even refeeding, refeeding affected by duration mode. These results suggested that highly resistant starvation, negatively fitness, pattern post-starvation fitness related study offer insights into understanding physiological mechanisms insects under stress.

Language: Английский

---

Narrow oviposition preference of an insect herbivore risks survival under conditions of severe drought

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(7), P. 1358 - 1369

Published: May 14, 2020

Abstract Understanding species' habitat preferences are crucial to predict organisms' responses the current climate crisis. In many insects, maternal selection for oviposition essentially determines offspring performance. Whether future changes in climatic conditions may generate mismatches between preference and performance, when mothers continue prefer microhabitats that might threaten survival, is an open question. To address this gap, we tested if of Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia females put at risk plants under drought stress conditions. Mainly, focus on identifying microhabitat determinants variation experienced by sessile offspring, using field observations from 12 populations collected over 2015–2018. These data combined with 10 years larval nest precipitation understand within‐population patterns selection. We whether preferred maximized extended performance (i.e. overwinter survival). found preferentially oviposited higher host plant abundance proportion signs stress. most years, nests had survival these drought‐stressed microhabitats. However, extremely dry year, only two survived summer. Our results highlight a failure shift extreme have drastic consequences natural changing A free Plain Language Summary can be within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

---

Life table study of Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different food sources and artificial diet

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Abstract Rachiplusia nu Guenée is a polyphagous species able to develop on several cultivated and non-cultivated host plants. However, basic life history information about this pest hosts scarce. In study, R. larvae did not survive leaves of non-Bt corn, wheat, Bt cotton that expresses proteins Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab2 or Intacta2 Xtend soybean the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac proteins. showed viable egg-to-adult biological cycle (54%–66.3%) soybean, sunflower, canola, vetch, Persian clover, alfalfa, bean, forage turnip hosts, similar raised artificial diet. addition, was unable complete larval development cotton, only 45.2% reached pupal stage when fed intacta RR2 PRO Cry1Ac protein. Larval mass surviving insects were also lower (larval: 0.104 g; pupal: 0.099 g) in relation other food sources 0.165–0.189 0.173–0.192 g). The total fecundity ≈65% sources. This fact caused ≈60% net reproductive rate (Ro) intrinsic increase (rm) compared Our findings indicate negatively affects parameters nu. Non-Bt are for survival

Language: Английский

---